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In III-‫ א‬verbs, there are three significant differences from the standard verb pattern.
PNG
Standard
III-‫א‬
3ms
‫קָ טַ ל‬
‫מָ צָ א‬
3fs
‫קָ ְטלָה‬
‫מָ ְצָאה‬
2ms
ָָּ ְ‫קָ טַ ל‬
‫ת‬
ָָּ ָ‫מָ צ‬
‫את‬
2fs
ָּ‫קָ טַ לְ ְת‬
‫מָ צָ את‬
1cs
‫קָ טַ לְ תָּי‬
‫מָ צָ אתי‬
3cp
‫קָ ְטלּו‬
‫מָ ְצאּו‬
2mp
‫ְקטַ לְ תָּם‬
‫ְמצָ אתם‬
2fp
‫ְקטַ לְ תָּן‬
‫ְמצָ אתן‬
1cp
‫קָ טַ לְ נּו‬
‫מָ צָ אנּו‬
The second syllable vowel (stem vowel) is a
qamatz instead of a patakh in all forms except the
third person feminine singular (3fs) and third
person common plural (3cp).
The shewa that is usually under the III-root
consonant is absent.
The dagesh that is usually in the first consonant of
the suffix is missing. For example, the first person
common singular (1cs) suffix ‫ תי‬is now ‫תי‬.
Most feminine nouns demonstrate no change to the stem before the plural
ending (but note that the feminine ending ‫ ָָה‬is dropped when the plural ‫ וֹת‬is
added). For example:
singular
plural
‫בְ ָרכָ ה‬
‫בְ ָרכוֹת‬
blessings
‫תוָ ָרה‬
‫תוָרוֹת‬
laws
Changes occur to the vowels of feminine nouns that have a specific pattern, as
demonstrated by ‫( מַ לְ כָ ה‬queen).
‫ מַ לְ כָ ה‬has the pattern of consonant and vowel (ָּ‫)מ‬,
ַ then consonant (ָּ‫)ל‬,
ְ
consonant (‫)כ‬, and ‫ ָָה‬ending. When this specific pattern exists, the noun’s
vowels change when the noun becomes plural. For example:
‫מַ לְ כָ ה‬
‫ ְמלָכוָת‬queens
‫ח ְרפָ ה‬
‫חֲרפוָת‬
ָ reproachs
In English, when we want to form a question, we begin the sentence
with words such as who or what and end the sentence with a question
mark.
In Hebrew, we can make any sentence a question by prefixing the particle
‫ ֲָּה‬to the first word of the sentence or clause. For example:
‫טוֹבָּהַ מלְך‬
‫ֲהָּטוֹבָּהַ מלְך‬
‫הָ לְַךָּהַ איׁש‬
The king is good.
‫ֲהָּהָ לְַךָּהַ איׁש‬
Did the man walk?
Is the king good?
The man walked.
The vowel of the particle ‫ ֲָּה‬can change depending on the characteristics of
the word that follows.
Before a guttural the form is usually ‫ה‬.
ַָּ For example:
‫ַָּהעֹמֵ דָּהַ גָמָ ל‬
Is the camel standing?
An exception occurs when the vowel of the guttural is a qamets. In this
case, the form is ָּ‫ה‬. For example:
‫הָּעָ מַ ד‬
Did he stand?
Before a consonant that has a shewa as its vowel, the form is also ‫ה‬.
ַָּ For
example:
‫ַָּהנְתַ תָּם‬
Did you give?
Hint: The lack of a dagesh in the first root consonant of the word is the
best way to distinguish between an interrogative ‫ ה‬and the definite
article (remember that the definite article features three componentshe, patach, and dagesh in the following consonant).
While the presence or lack of a dagesh is the best method to tell the
difference, there can be some exceptions. These exceptions are rare and
you can usually rely on context to tell the difference.
For example:
‫ַהָּכְ תַ בְ תָּן‬
Did you write?
In chapter 5 we learned that ‫ אֲ ׁשר‬precedes a phrase that modifies the previous word.
used to indicate a clause that modifies a previous word. For example:
‫ת־הסֵ פר‬
ַָּ ‫הַ נָביאָּאֲ ׁשרָּכָ תַ בָּא‬
‫הָ עבדָּאֲ ׁשרָּהלֵלָּהַ מָּלְך‬
The prophet who wrote the book.
The servant whom the king praised.
‫ אֲ ׁשר‬can also be