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Fall Final Exam Flip Chart French 1 Semester 1 AVOIR • The verb avoir means to have • Avoir = To have – J’ai Nous avons – Tu as Vous avez – Il/elle/ on a Ils/Elles ont • Remember that subject pronouns can be replaced by peoples names. – Elle a un poster -> Susie a un poster AVOIR • To make a sentence negative, put ne…pas around the verb. • Remember before a vowel ne -> n’ and un/une and des change to de – Nous avons une tele. • Nous n’avons pas de télé Indefinite Articles • In English, an indefinite article is ‘a’ or ‘an’ Singular Plural MASCULINE UN DES FEMININE UNE DES • In a NEGATIVE sentence (using ne…pas) these always change to “DE” Indefinite articles • EXAMPLES – J’ai un stylo. = I have a pen – Il y a une fenêtre. = There is a window – Nous avons des feuilles de papier. = We have paper – Tu n’as pas de crayon. = You don’t have a pencil Definite Articles • In English the definite article is “the.” In French there are four ways to say “the.” Masc. Feminine Before a vowel Singular Le La L’ Plural Les Les Les Definite Articles • Examples – Nathalie aime bien l’ école – Patrick adore les bandes dessinées – Noelle aime la musique classique • Always use definite articles when talking about nouns you like/dislike • In the negative le/la/l’ and les do not change to de. – Je n’aime pas la musique classique. ER Verbs • All regular ER verbs follow the same conjugation rules. – 1. Take off the ER to get the stem – 2. Add the ER verb ending that agrees with the subject Parler = to speak je parle nous parlons tu parles vous parlez il/elle/on parle ils/elles parlent ER Verbs • Examples – Nathalie, elle danse bien. – Patrick et James, ils écoutent de la radio. – Noelle et moi, nous surfons sur internet. • Other Regular ER verbs – – – – – – Quitter Chanter Aimer Téléphoner Étudier Dessiner ER Verbs • To talk about likes and dislikes, use the conjugated form of aimer plus the infinitive of another verb • Examples – Elle aime lire. – Vous n’aimez pas travailler. – Tu aimes chanter. Conjunctions • Conjunctions are used to connect two like sentences together. • Three conjunctions we learned in French are – Et = and – Mais = but – Ou = or • Examples – J’aime le football et le base-ball – Elle aime chanter mais elle préfère danser. – Tu aimes danser ou regarder la télé. À contractions • The preposition à usually means “to” or “at” • When you use à with the definite article it makes contractions. – À + le = au – À + les = aux à + la = à la à + l’ = à l’ • Examples: – Tu aimes aller à la piscine. – Nous aimons aller au cinéma. De contractions • De can mean “of” or “from” • One we can use de is to show possession – Le frère de Marc. • De can also contract with definite articles. – De + le = du – De + les = des de + la = de la de + l’ = de l’ • Examples: – C’est le frère du père de ma cousine. – C’est le fils de la soeur de ma mère. Être • Like avoir the verb être is an irregular verb • It does not follow any pattern so you will have to memorize the forms individually. • Être = to be – Je suis – Tu es – Il/elle est nous sommes vous êtes ils/elles sont Être • Examples – Je suis créatif – Nous sommes intelligents – Elles est marrante – Ils ne sont pas pénibles. • Remember that ne….pas still goes around the verb. – Je ne suis pas méchante Adjective agreement • All adjectives must agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. • To make most adjectives feminine, add an ‘e’ to the masculine form of the adjective. – Petit -> petite • Do not add an ‘e’ if the adjective already ends in an ‘e’. BUT do add an ‘e’ if the adjective ends in an accented ‘e’ – Jeune (don’t add an ‘e’) – âgé (add ‘e’ for feminine) Adjective Agreement • Adjectives that end in ‘eux’ change to ‘euse’ in the feminine. – Sérieux -> sérieuse • Adjectives that end in ‘if’ change to ‘ive’ in the feminine. – Sportif -> sportive • Some adjectives have irregular feminine forms. – Gros -> grosse Adjective Agreement • To make most adjectives plural, add an ‘s’ to the end of either the masculine or feminine form. – Petit -> petits – Petite -> petites • Do not add an ‘s’ for the plural ends in ‘eux’ OR an ‘s’ – Gros – sérieux Adjective Agreement • Some adjectives do not change. They will always be in the same form. – Cool – Chic – Orange – marron Possessive Adjectives • In French, the possessive adjective agrees in gender and number with the word that comes after the possessive adjective. Masc. Fem. Plural Singular Singular My Mon Ma Mes Your (tu) Ton Ta Tes His/her Son Sa Ses Our Notre Notre Nos Your (vous Votre Votre Vos Their Leur Leur Leurs Possessive Adjectives • Examples – Mon père est intelligent. – Sa soeur est belle. – Vos cousins sont sympas. • For singular nouns that start with a vowel, use the masculine form of the possesive adjective…even when its feminine. – C’est mon amie Claudine. – C’est ton élève Emily. Possessive Adjectives • Another way to indicate possession is with the preposition de (d’) plus a person’s name. – C’est la soeur de Marc. – Ce sont les cousines de Pierre.