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Fall Final Exam Flip Chart
French 1
Semester 1
AVOIR
• The verb avoir means to have
• Avoir = To have
– J’ai
Nous avons
– Tu as
Vous avez
– Il/elle/ on a
Ils/Elles ont
• Remember that subject pronouns can be
replaced by peoples names.
– Elle a un poster -> Susie a un poster
AVOIR
• To make a sentence negative, put ne…pas
around the verb.
• Remember before a vowel ne -> n’ and
un/une and des change to de
– Nous avons une tele.
• Nous n’avons pas de télé
Indefinite Articles
• In English, an indefinite article is ‘a’ or ‘an’
Singular
Plural
MASCULINE
UN
DES
FEMININE
UNE
DES
• In a NEGATIVE sentence (using ne…pas)
these always change to “DE”
Indefinite articles
• EXAMPLES
– J’ai un stylo. = I have a pen
– Il y a une fenêtre. = There is a window
– Nous avons des feuilles de papier. = We have
paper
– Tu n’as pas de crayon. = You don’t have a
pencil
Definite Articles
• In English the definite article is “the.” In French
there are four ways to say “the.”
Masc.
Feminine
Before a
vowel
Singular
Le
La
L’
Plural
Les
Les
Les
Definite Articles
• Examples
– Nathalie aime bien l’ école
– Patrick adore les bandes dessinées
– Noelle aime la musique classique
• Always use definite articles when talking
about nouns you like/dislike
• In the negative le/la/l’ and les do not
change to de.
– Je n’aime pas la musique classique.
ER Verbs
• All regular ER verbs follow the same
conjugation rules.
– 1. Take off the ER to get the stem
– 2. Add the ER verb ending that agrees with
the subject
Parler = to speak
je parle
nous parlons
tu parles
vous parlez
il/elle/on parle
ils/elles parlent
ER Verbs
• Examples
– Nathalie, elle danse bien.
– Patrick et James, ils écoutent de la radio.
– Noelle et moi, nous surfons sur internet.
• Other Regular ER verbs
–
–
–
–
–
–
Quitter
Chanter
Aimer
Téléphoner
Étudier
Dessiner
ER Verbs
• To talk about likes and dislikes, use the
conjugated form of aimer plus the infinitive
of another verb
• Examples
– Elle aime lire.
– Vous n’aimez pas travailler.
– Tu aimes chanter.
Conjunctions
• Conjunctions are used to connect two like
sentences together.
• Three conjunctions we learned in French are
– Et = and
– Mais = but
– Ou = or
• Examples
– J’aime le football et le base-ball
– Elle aime chanter mais elle préfère danser.
– Tu aimes danser ou regarder la télé.
À contractions
• The preposition à usually means “to” or
“at”
• When you use à with the definite article it
makes contractions.
– À + le = au
– À + les = aux
à + la = à la
à + l’ = à l’
• Examples:
– Tu aimes aller à la piscine.
– Nous aimons aller au cinéma.
De contractions
• De can mean “of” or “from”
• One we can use de is to show possession
– Le frère de Marc.
• De can also contract with definite articles.
– De + le = du
– De + les = des
de + la = de la
de + l’ = de l’
• Examples:
– C’est le frère du père de ma cousine.
– C’est le fils de la soeur de ma mère.
Être
• Like avoir the verb être is an irregular verb
• It does not follow any pattern so you will
have to memorize the forms individually.
• Être = to be
– Je suis
– Tu es
– Il/elle est
nous sommes
vous êtes
ils/elles sont
Être
• Examples
– Je suis créatif
– Nous sommes intelligents
– Elles est marrante
– Ils ne sont pas pénibles.
• Remember that ne….pas still goes around
the verb.
– Je ne suis pas méchante
Adjective agreement
• All adjectives must agree in gender and number
with the noun they describe.
• To make most adjectives feminine, add an ‘e’ to
the masculine form of the adjective.
– Petit -> petite
• Do not add an ‘e’ if the adjective already ends in
an ‘e’. BUT do add an ‘e’ if the adjective ends in
an accented ‘e’
– Jeune (don’t add an ‘e’)
– âgé (add ‘e’ for feminine)
Adjective Agreement
• Adjectives that end in ‘eux’ change to
‘euse’ in the feminine.
– Sérieux -> sérieuse
• Adjectives that end in ‘if’ change to ‘ive’ in
the feminine.
– Sportif -> sportive
• Some adjectives have irregular feminine
forms.
– Gros -> grosse
Adjective Agreement
• To make most adjectives plural, add an ‘s’
to the end of either the masculine or
feminine form.
– Petit -> petits
– Petite -> petites
• Do not add an ‘s’ for the plural ends in
‘eux’ OR an ‘s’
– Gros
– sérieux
Adjective Agreement
• Some adjectives do not change. They will
always be in the same form.
– Cool
– Chic
– Orange
– marron
Possessive Adjectives
• In French, the possessive adjective agrees in
gender and number with the word that comes
after the possessive adjective.
Masc.
Fem.
Plural
Singular
Singular
My
Mon
Ma
Mes
Your (tu)
Ton
Ta
Tes
His/her
Son
Sa
Ses
Our
Notre
Notre
Nos
Your (vous
Votre
Votre
Vos
Their
Leur
Leur
Leurs
Possessive Adjectives
• Examples
– Mon père est intelligent.
– Sa soeur est belle.
– Vos cousins sont sympas.
• For singular nouns that start with a vowel,
use the masculine form of the possesive
adjective…even when its feminine.
– C’est mon amie Claudine.
– C’est ton élève Emily.
Possessive Adjectives
• Another way to indicate possession is with
the preposition de (d’) plus a person’s
name.
– C’est la soeur de Marc.
– Ce sont les cousines de Pierre.