Download Unique features of neurons, which distinguish them from other

Unique features of neurons,
which distinguish them from other
somatic cells
By Balogh Olivér
Structure
• having specialized projections that are used for networking
and communication
– axon and dendrites
• supported by special cells and complex mesh of structural
proteins
– Glial cells and neurofilaments
• well developed rough endoplasmatic reticulum system
units can be found
– Nissl bodies
Function
• the nervous tissue (neurons + glial cells) is responsible for
processing the incoming information from the environment
also to regulate the basic functions of the body
– neurons are highly excitable, maintaining a -70mV resting
potential
– they communicate by neurotransmission (chemical and electrical
synapses)
Life cycle
• most of the neurons are incapable of self-division
and are persist without replacement
– though studies showed that (in the human brain) for a
minority of cells the neurogenesis is possible
– also possible for the axons to regrow if they are
severed
Thanks for your attention
•
•
•
•
•
•
https://users.itk.ppke.hu/neurobiologia/LECTURES_20162017_SEMESTER_1/3.%20WEEK/1.%20HANDOUT/Neurob_7.pdf
https://users.itk.ppke.hu/neurobiologia/LECTURES_20162017_SEMESTER_1/3.%20WEEK/1.%20HANDOUT/Neurob_8.pdf
https://users.itk.ppke.hu/neurobiologia/LECTURES_20162017_SEMESTER_1/3.%20WEEK/1.%20HANDOUT/Neurob_9.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron#cite_note-r1-4
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissl_body
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroglia