Download Pneumonia and other respiratory diseases A brief guide to

Pneumonia and other respiratory diseases
A brief guide to pneumonia and other respiratory diseases, and their impact globally and in Bangladesh.
Globally…

Pneumonia, inflammation of the lungs, can be caused by a wide range of bacteria and viruses (and
occasionally fungal and parasite infections).

The most common bacterial causes of pneumonia include Streptococcus pneumoniae (also known
as pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus.

The most common viral causes of pneumonia include influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus
(RSV) and parainfluenza viruses; viral infections are particularly common in children.

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract (an LRI or LRTI); these are typically more
severe than infections of the upper respiratory tract (URIs or URTIs), such as the common cold,
tonsillitis and laryngitis.

Lower respiratory tract infections cause about 2.7 million deaths a year; upper respiratory tract
infections are responsible for about 3,000 deaths a year.

Pneumonia is the leading infectious cause of death among children under five years of age, killing
2,500 children a day.

Pneumonia accounts for 16% of deaths of children under the age of five deaths, and killed about
922,000 children in 2015; most deaths were of children under two years of age.

Annual child deaths from pneumonia decreased by 47% from 2000 to 2015, from 1.7 million to
922,000 million.
In Bangladesh…

In Bangladesh, pneumonia is responsible for around 28% of the deaths of children under five years
of age.

Around 50,000 children die of pneumonia every year.

An estimated 80,000 children under five years of age are admitted to hospital with virus-associated
acute respiratory illness each year; the total number of infections is likely to be much higher.
Mortality estimates from Global Burden of Disease 2013 study
Children <5
Total
Haemophilus influenzae
180,700
108,700
Influenza
15,100
105,400
Pneumococcus
264,000
594,400
RSV
41,100
81,500
Sources
UNICEF: http://data.unicef.org/child-health/pneumonia.html#sthash.rLMWAkoB.dpuf
Lozano R et al. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global
Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380 (9859): 2095–128.
http://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/epidemiology/profiles/neonatal_child/bgd.pdf
Homaira N et al. Respiratory Viruses Associated Hospitalization among Children Aged <5 Years in Bangladesh: 2010-2014. PLoS One.
2016;11(2):e0147982.
Mokdad AH et al. Global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors for young people's health during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the
Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2016;387(10036):2383–401.