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The Cardiovascular System Notes
Name_______________________
Functions
1. Carries needed materials like _________________ and ___________________
2. Removes ___________________ like _____________ ______________.
3. Fights ___________________
Organs of the Cardiovascular system
1. ___________________ 2. ___________________ 3. ___________________
4. ___________________
Heart
Its function is to pump _____________ through the cardiovascular system. It is
made of ______________ _______________ . This muscle is ______________
and it never tires and is _______________ .
Heart Structure
1. The two sides of the heart are separated by a ________________
2. The top chambers are called ________________ and the bottom are called
_______________.
3. A ________________ is a group of cells that start each muscle contraction
4. The _________________ are flaps that stop blood from flowing backwards
How the heart works
1. Phase One - Muscle _____________ and heart fills with blood
2. Phase Two - Muscle ___________ and blood is pushed out of the heart
a. ___________ contract and blood is pushed from atria through valves into
the ventricles
b. ____________ contract and blood is pushed through valves into the body
3. Each contraction of the muscle exerts a force on the blood
Blood vessels
When blood leaves the heart it travels through blood vessels. The blood vessel types
are ______________, ___________________, and
____________________________.
Blood flow
The heart is two ____________. The first goes through the _________________ and the
second goes through the __________________.:
First loop – the pump to the lungs
The blood going into the atrium of the right side of the heart has ______________ and is
dark red. Then it is pumped through the right valve into the right ______________ and
then out of the ventricle through the lungs where it picks up ____________ and drops off
carbon dioxide. Blood returns to the left side of the heart
Second loop – the pump to the body
Blood going into the atrium of the left side of the heart has a lot of _____________ and is
bright red. Then blood is pumped through the left ___________ into the left ventricle
and then out into the ______________. The aorta branches into _________________
where _____________ is transferred from the blood to the body cells and carbon dioxide
is removed
Arteries – carry blood away from the heart
The largest artery, carries blood out of the left side of the heart is called the
_______________ and blood is carried to the heart muscles by the ______________
____________________. They have ____________ muscular walls to absorb force of
heart contractions. The ___________ is when the arteries are expanded by the blood
being pushed through by the heart’s contractions. The ____________ _________ is
controlled by the muscles in the walls of the arteries can expand and contract to allow
more or less blood to flow through them
Capillaries
Materials are exchanged between the blood and body cells in the capillaries. Their
____________ are one cell thick and ____________, carbon dioxide, glucose can pass
through easily.
Veins – carry blood to the heart
The largest veins in the body that carry blood to the right side of the heart are called
the __________ ___________. The walls are ________________ than arteries and
absorb less of the force of the heart’s contractions. Blood is also moved along veins
with contractions of skeletal muscle around them and backward flow is prevented by
____________ along the insides of the walls
Blood pressure
It is caused by the ______________ of the heart pushing the blood with a ____________
which pushes the _____________. through the blood vessels. Blood pressure
_____________ the farther you are from the heart
Measuring blood pressure
It is measured with _______________ in millimeters of Mercury. Two number are
obtained, one when the heart is ________________ and the second is when the heart
is _________________
Diseases
1___________________
2. ___________________
3. ___________________