Download LS Immunity and Disease Study Guide Name: What is the term for a

LS Immunity and Disease Study Guide
Name:
1. What is the term for a disease that cannot be passed from person to person? noninfectious
a. Are these diseases hereditary, environmental, or both? both
b. Give some examples of these diseases: cancer, diabetes, asthma, etc.
2. What is the term for a disease that can spread from person to person?
Infectious
a. What are some ways that you can contract these diseases? Sharing drinks, not washing hands,
contaminated objects, air, bodily fluids
b. Give some examples: HIV, colds, Athlete’s Foot, flu, etc/
3. What is a pathogen? Organism that causes a disease
a. What types of organisms can be pathogenic? Give examples of diseases that each cause: virus-cold,
HIV, bacteria-strep throat, pneumonia, fungi-athelete’s foot, thrush, protest-malaria, African Sleeping
Sickness….
4. What are the 3 lines of defense against pathogens? Describe each: 1st line: skin, hair mucus-prevents
pathogen from entering, 2nd line-immune response-white blood cells, inflammation, 3rd line- antibodies
5. What is the difference between passive and active immunity? Passive is made outside of the body (passed
from mother in the placenta), Active is made in the body (making antibodies to vaccine)
6. What is a vaccine? Injecting parts of a pathogen to make antibodies
a. What type of immunity does it lead to? active
7. What is cancer? Uncontrolled cell division (mitosis)
8. What was Joseph Lister’s contribution to medicine? Sanitary surgery practices (hand washing and
disinfecting surfaces)
9. What was Louis Pasteur’s contribution to medicine? Bacteria cause disease, can be killed by boiling
10. What was Robert Koch’s contribution to medicine? How to determine if a certain bacteria is causing a
disease
a. List Koch’s postulates: 1. The pathogen must be present in every case of the disease. 2. The pathogen
must be isolated and grown in a pure culture. 3. The pathogen must be injected into a healthy animal
and produce the disease. 4. When isolated, the pathogen must be identical to the first.
11. What was John Snow’s contribution to medicine? Realized, due to cholera outbreak, that disease was passed
in ways besides air.
12. What was Edward Jennner’s contribution to medicine? Invented the first vaccine
a. How did he discover this?Noticed that people exposed to cowpox could not get smallpox. Injected a
kid with cowpox, then smallpox. The kid did not get sick.
13. What does an antibody do? Attacks and deactivates a pathogen be attaching to an antigen.
14. What are some ways that you can protect yourself against pathogens? Wash your hands, don’t exchange
bodily fluids, eat healthy (fruits and veggies) and exercise.
15. The resistance to specific pathogens is called specific immunity.
16. Why can you only get some diseases, like chicken pox, once? Antibodies against that pathogen stay in our
body and immediately attack the pathogen should it try to enter again.
17. What is a vector? An organism that carries a disease without having it.
18. Is a virus a living thing? No!
19. How can you best avoid lung cancer? Do not smoke
20. How can you best avoid skin cancer? Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight
21. How can you best avoid heart disease? Eat healthy, exercise, and don’t smoke!