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Jessica Archbold Period 2A Skeletal System It supports the structure, gives it shape, protects vital organs and serves as an attachment for the muscles. Bones are alive. They take in food (calcium, phosphates, manganese) though blood. They grow. They repair themselves. Bones can be divided into living tissue, cells, blood vessels, mineral deposits, and water. 3 minerals BONES need: 1. Calcium 2. Phosphates 3. Manganese *Periosteum – Soft, thin substance that covers and protects the bone. *Compact Bone – Tough, hard bone that can heal itself when broken. Spongy Bone – Contains red marrow, which produces red blood cells that carry oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body. *Marrow – Soft, inner center of bones containing blood vessels and fat cells. Manufactures red blood cells. (Iron) KIND OF JOINTS Ball and socket – dislocate, unstable. (Hips, arms) Hinge joint – hyperextend (Elbows, knees) Pivot joint – (Head, arms) Immovable (fixed) joint – Suture, in cranium Gliding joint – (Wrist, spine) Jessica Archbold Period 2A The adult human skeleton is made up of 206 bones. However, we start out with approximately 350 bones. List the main functions of the skeleton 1. Protects vital organs 2. Attachments for the bones 3. Support for the structure 4. Shape Skeleton DOES NOT move. Muscles move the skeleton. The skeletal system is divided into two parts: 1. Axial – core or middle, cranial, spinal column 2. Appendicular – appendages, arms, legs, pelvis The bones of the skeleton are held together at the joints by ligaments and tendons. Bones are covered with special tissue called Periosteum. Our joints are covered with a think pad of smooth cartilage, which acts as a buffer between hard bones. 656 # of muscles in the human body Tendons – connects bone to muscle Ligaments – connects bone to bone Cartilage – flexible, tough tissue Does not heal 2 parts of the skeleton 1. Axial skeleton – core or middle, cranial, spinal column 2. Appendicular skeleton – arms, legs, pelvis, extremities, limbs Longest muscle - Sartorius 3 types of muscles Shortest muscles – in the ear 1. Smooth – involuntary, organs Strongest muscles – jaw 2. Skeletal, voluntary movement 3. Cardiac, involuntary, heart, modified skeletal 17 # of muscles to smile 43 # of muscles to frown Its better to break a bone then To mess with your tendons, Ligaments and cartilage!! (White hat good guy) Protagonist muscle - contracts Antagonist muscle – stretch, lengthen (Bad guy) “Double Jointed” – loose joints, tight tendons Osteoporosis Jessica Archbold Period 2A # Of bones in the human body 206 Born with 350 1. Cranium 2. Clavicle 3. Sternum (CPR) 4. Scapula 5. Vertebrae 6. Ribs 7. Humorous 8. Ulna 9. Radius 10. Pelvis 11. Sacrum 12. Coccyx 13. Carpals 14. Metacarpals 15. Phalanges carpals 16. Femur 17. Patella 18. Tibia 19. Fibula 20. Tarsal 21. Metatarsals 22. Phalanges Tarsal 23. Calcaneus 24. Maxilla 25. Mandible 26. Xyphoid Process 27. Spinal column Longest bone – Femur Smallest bone – Ear, 6 (3 in each) 1. Hammer – Malleus 2. Anval – Incus 3. Stirrup - Stapes Osteoporosis Bone Density 1. Calcium – vitamin D, 1300 mg daily 2. Weight bearing exercise Jessica Archbold Period 2A 656 # Of muscles in the human body 17 # Of muscles to smile 43 # Of muscles to frown Bicep Deltoid Gluteus maximus Hamstring Latisimus dorsi Pectoralis major Quadriceps Rectus abdominis Sartorius Trapezius Triceps Longest muscle – Sartorius Shortest muscles – in the ear Strongest muscles – jaw 3 types of muscles: 1. Smooth – involuntary (organs) 2. Skeletal – voluntary movement 3. Cardiac – involuntary, heart, modified skeletal Tendons – connects bone to muscle (Achilles tendon) Ligaments – connects bone to bone (ACL, DCL, MCL) Cartilage – flexible, tough tissue, does not heal Its better to break a bone Then to mess with ligaments, Tendons and cartilage!!!!