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Transcript
IB2.14.3 Building a protein Building a protein © Oxford University Press 2011 IB2.14.3 Building a protein All the basic structural material of the human body is made of proteins. Skin, muscles, bone, cartilage, ligaments and cell membranes all contain a lot of protein. In addition, other proteins do important jobs in cells. All protein molecules contain the elements: Carbon Oxygen Hydrogen Nitrogen In addition, some also contain sulphur. 25% of the mass of each human cell is protein. © Oxford University Press 2011 IB2.14.3 Building a protein Proteins are big molecules. They are made of smaller molecules called amino acids. There are 20 different types of amino acids. Each amino acid is a combination of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur atoms. © Oxford University Press 2011 IB2.14.3 Building a protein The amino acids join together to make long chains. These are the proteins, of which there are millions of different kinds. Genes specify exactly how the different amino acids are put together. © Oxford University Press 2011 IB2.14.3 Building a protein These long chains then fold up into particular (specific) shapes. Each type of protein has a specific shape which dictates which particular function it will carry out. Another molecule with a particular shape can fit into it. © Oxford University Press 2011