Posttranslational Modification of MDM2
... presumably because its association with p53 cannot be weakened by ser17 phosphorylation. These data are in keeping with the notion that phosphorylation of ser17 regulates MDM2p53 association in a cellular context, but this has yet to be demonstrated. Similarly, it will be of considerable interest to ...
... presumably because its association with p53 cannot be weakened by ser17 phosphorylation. These data are in keeping with the notion that phosphorylation of ser17 regulates MDM2p53 association in a cellular context, but this has yet to be demonstrated. Similarly, it will be of considerable interest to ...
BAG1, a negative regulator of Hsp70 chaperone activity, uncouples
... Hsp70–BAG-1 complex is unaffected by ATP (Figure 2, lanes 10–15). Similar conclusions are drawn from the effect of ATP on the complexes of unfolded β-gal, Hsp70 and BAG-1 (Figure 3). GST–Hsp70 forms a stable complex with denatured β-gal (Figure 3, lane 5) that is dissociated upon addition of ATP (Fi ...
... Hsp70–BAG-1 complex is unaffected by ATP (Figure 2, lanes 10–15). Similar conclusions are drawn from the effect of ATP on the complexes of unfolded β-gal, Hsp70 and BAG-1 (Figure 3). GST–Hsp70 forms a stable complex with denatured β-gal (Figure 3, lane 5) that is dissociated upon addition of ATP (Fi ...
C/EBPα triggers proteasome‐dependent degradation of cdk4 during
... We have recently found that C/EBPa interacts with two key kinases that drive cell-cycle progression, cdk2 and cdk4, and inhibits their activities through direct interaction (Wang et al., 2001). A detailed analysis of cdk4 in livers of wild-type and C/EBPa-knockout animals indicated a complex regulat ...
... We have recently found that C/EBPa interacts with two key kinases that drive cell-cycle progression, cdk2 and cdk4, and inhibits their activities through direct interaction (Wang et al., 2001). A detailed analysis of cdk4 in livers of wild-type and C/EBPa-knockout animals indicated a complex regulat ...
The anaphase promoting complex/ cyclosome: a
... the substrate protein on which the C terminus of ubiquitin forms a covalent isopeptide bond with a lysine residue. In subsequent reactions, the attached ubiquitin can itself become ubiquitylated, resulting in the formation of a polyubiquitin chain. All proteins that are known to be involved in the c ...
... the substrate protein on which the C terminus of ubiquitin forms a covalent isopeptide bond with a lysine residue. In subsequent reactions, the attached ubiquitin can itself become ubiquitylated, resulting in the formation of a polyubiquitin chain. All proteins that are known to be involved in the c ...
Post-Translational Modifications of the TAK1-TAB Complex
... TAK1 activation downstream of TGFBR or BMPR through the formation of the XIAP-TAB1-TAK1 complex, likely in a ubiquitination-independent mechanism [33,34]. It has been shown that DNA damage-induced TAK1 activation is also mediated by K63-linked polyubiquitination. In response to genotoxic drugs such ...
... TAK1 activation downstream of TGFBR or BMPR through the formation of the XIAP-TAB1-TAK1 complex, likely in a ubiquitination-independent mechanism [33,34]. It has been shown that DNA damage-induced TAK1 activation is also mediated by K63-linked polyubiquitination. In response to genotoxic drugs such ...
Life and death of transcriptional co
... cytoplasmic protein aggregates or to deliver them for disposal p300 modification and metabolic stability in epigenetic regulathrough the alternative autophagosome pathway. Many nuclear tion, and shed molecular insights into the roles of cellular trafproteins including p300 are substrate of aggresome ...
... cytoplasmic protein aggregates or to deliver them for disposal p300 modification and metabolic stability in epigenetic regulathrough the alternative autophagosome pathway. Many nuclear tion, and shed molecular insights into the roles of cellular trafproteins including p300 are substrate of aggresome ...
WP4 - Hamish Collin
... Incubation for 5 days with 10mM or 1mM substrate Incubation for 12/15 days with 10mM or 1mM substrate ...
... Incubation for 5 days with 10mM or 1mM substrate Incubation for 12/15 days with 10mM or 1mM substrate ...
The tale beyond the tail: histone core domain
... that they share some structural properties of the SET domain proteins and also have features similar to those found in protein arginine methyltransferases (59,60). Modeling studies suggest that Dot1p makes extensive contacts with the face of the nucleosome, including the surface genetically identifi ...
... that they share some structural properties of the SET domain proteins and also have features similar to those found in protein arginine methyltransferases (59,60). Modeling studies suggest that Dot1p makes extensive contacts with the face of the nucleosome, including the surface genetically identifi ...
Supplementary Table 1
... NIH Support- This work was supported in part by an NIH Research Project Grant (GM065997) to R.J.D. Supplementary Discussion for Table S2 Based on our findings with Gcn4, we propose a class of regulatory factors whose activity is required in a reaction, but whose subsequent turnover or removal promot ...
... NIH Support- This work was supported in part by an NIH Research Project Grant (GM065997) to R.J.D. Supplementary Discussion for Table S2 Based on our findings with Gcn4, we propose a class of regulatory factors whose activity is required in a reaction, but whose subsequent turnover or removal promot ...
Structure and Function Relationships between ATPase Family, AAA
... sites of DNA damage, replication forks are stalled, leading to monoubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Monoubiquitination of PCNA promotes the switch from regular high-fidelity polymerases to Y-family polymerases for bypassing damaged DNA. Prolonged replication by these poly ...
... sites of DNA damage, replication forks are stalled, leading to monoubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Monoubiquitination of PCNA promotes the switch from regular high-fidelity polymerases to Y-family polymerases for bypassing damaged DNA. Prolonged replication by these poly ...
New Functions of APC/C Ubiquitin Ligase in the Nervous System
... Abstract: The E3 ubiquitin ligase Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) regulates important processes in cells, such as the cell cycle, by targeting a set of substrates for degradation. In the last decade, APC/C has been related to several major functions in the nervous system, including axon ...
... Abstract: The E3 ubiquitin ligase Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) regulates important processes in cells, such as the cell cycle, by targeting a set of substrates for degradation. In the last decade, APC/C has been related to several major functions in the nervous system, including axon ...
A storage form of ribosomes in mouse oocytes
... to create bubbles during this step. The oocyte floats for several seconds and then bursts, thereby releasing its contents onto the surface of the sucrose solution. Immediately after bursting, a Formvar- and carbon coated 75 mesh specimen grid was touched to the surface where the oocyte had been. In ...
... to create bubbles during this step. The oocyte floats for several seconds and then bursts, thereby releasing its contents onto the surface of the sucrose solution. Immediately after bursting, a Formvar- and carbon coated 75 mesh specimen grid was touched to the surface where the oocyte had been. In ...
Linkage Novel Type of Antigen with an Isopeptide Peptide Splicing
... partner in ligation reactions. Indeed, peptide splicing involving a large variety of C-terminal fragments can be readily observed in vitro (14, 15). Although the concentration of precursor fragments is one of the driving factors of the splicing reaction (14), we show in an accompanying article (16) ...
... partner in ligation reactions. Indeed, peptide splicing involving a large variety of C-terminal fragments can be readily observed in vitro (14, 15). Although the concentration of precursor fragments is one of the driving factors of the splicing reaction (14), we show in an accompanying article (16) ...
Keeping the immune system in check: a role for mitophagy
... molecular sensor of mitochondrial health, flagging only those mitochondria within the population that become dysfunctional for Parkin-mediated degradation. Mechanisms of PINK1/Parkin mitophagy—what is known to date Although the mechanisms behind PINK1 regulation are well understood, how PINK1 recruit ...
... molecular sensor of mitochondrial health, flagging only those mitochondria within the population that become dysfunctional for Parkin-mediated degradation. Mechanisms of PINK1/Parkin mitophagy—what is known to date Although the mechanisms behind PINK1 regulation are well understood, how PINK1 recruit ...
Protein Function and Classification (Cont.) - EMBL-EBI
... What information can be found in the InterPro entry page? ................................. 8 How do I interpret an InterPro protein view? ........................................................ 9 Protein view: Overview page......................................................................... 9 ...
... What information can be found in the InterPro entry page? ................................. 8 How do I interpret an InterPro protein view? ........................................................ 9 Protein view: Overview page......................................................................... 9 ...
12 Autophagy as a defence against intracellular pathogens
... by autophagy is linked to the exposure of DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns) and/or PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns). DAMPs are cell-derived molecules that generate ‘danger’ signals when they are displaced following cell stress or damage. Damage signals can be generated when ...
... by autophagy is linked to the exposure of DAMPs (damage-associated molecular patterns) and/or PAMPs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns). DAMPs are cell-derived molecules that generate ‘danger’ signals when they are displaced following cell stress or damage. Damage signals can be generated when ...
You can answer the question Yourself with a few
... one type of whey. You might see whey protein isolate, whey protein hydrolysate (aka hydrolyzed whey protein), or whey protein concentrate. To be considered a great whey protein, the product must list whey ...
... one type of whey. You might see whey protein isolate, whey protein hydrolysate (aka hydrolyzed whey protein), or whey protein concentrate. To be considered a great whey protein, the product must list whey ...
The EMBO Journal (2002) 21, 1704–1712
... Through their effect on the transcription of specific genes, HATs and HDACs are involved in the control of many cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, terminal differentiation and apoptosis (Marmorstein and Roth, 2001). Recently, the HAT Tip60, identified as a cellular protein interacti ...
... Through their effect on the transcription of specific genes, HATs and HDACs are involved in the control of many cellular processes, such as cell cycle progression, terminal differentiation and apoptosis (Marmorstein and Roth, 2001). Recently, the HAT Tip60, identified as a cellular protein interacti ...
The ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 (TNFAIP3) is a central regulator of
... inhibitory function of A20 has been clarified by the elucidation of A20 as a ubiquitin-editing protein with dual functions: a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) activity mediated by its N-terminal ovarian tumor (OTU) domain and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity mediated by the C-terminal zinc finger containin ...
... inhibitory function of A20 has been clarified by the elucidation of A20 as a ubiquitin-editing protein with dual functions: a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB) activity mediated by its N-terminal ovarian tumor (OTU) domain and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity mediated by the C-terminal zinc finger containin ...
Charakterisierung peroxisomaler und Lipid
... The peroxisomal and lipid droplets related proteins of yeast S. cerevisiae were characterized in this work. Lpx1p and Ldh1p are putative hydrolases and/or lipases of peroxisome and lipid droplets respectively; Pex1p and Pex6p are peroxisomal AAA ATPases; and Ubp15p is a deubiquitinating enzyme. It w ...
... The peroxisomal and lipid droplets related proteins of yeast S. cerevisiae were characterized in this work. Lpx1p and Ldh1p are putative hydrolases and/or lipases of peroxisome and lipid droplets respectively; Pex1p and Pex6p are peroxisomal AAA ATPases; and Ubp15p is a deubiquitinating enzyme. It w ...
New insights into regulation of p53 protein degradation
... Modifications of p53 regulates p53 degradation through ubiquitination-dependent proteasome pathway Covalent modifications of p53 occur on more than 40 different amino acid residues and lead to different p53 activation. These modifications include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitina ...
... Modifications of p53 regulates p53 degradation through ubiquitination-dependent proteasome pathway Covalent modifications of p53 occur on more than 40 different amino acid residues and lead to different p53 activation. These modifications include phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitina ...
Screening for increased protein thiol oxidation in oxidatively
... During physiological homeostasis, an overall oxidative balance is maintained in tissues by utilizing a variety of antioxidant systems to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from a variety of sources. Disruption of this oxidative balance, often referred to as oxidative stress, is evident i ...
... During physiological homeostasis, an overall oxidative balance is maintained in tissues by utilizing a variety of antioxidant systems to remove reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from a variety of sources. Disruption of this oxidative balance, often referred to as oxidative stress, is evident i ...
Incorporating key position and amino acid residue features to
... that the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) plays a critical role in regulating a variety of biological processes, such as the cell cycle and division, the immune response, inflammation and signal transduction (Reinstein and Ciechanover, 2006). Further analysis proposed that ubiquitin-mediated ubiqui ...
... that the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) plays a critical role in regulating a variety of biological processes, such as the cell cycle and division, the immune response, inflammation and signal transduction (Reinstein and Ciechanover, 2006). Further analysis proposed that ubiquitin-mediated ubiqui ...
The presence of monoglucosylated N196
... Glycosylation is an important cellular modification, and it is related to many human diseases and developmental defects [1]. It introduces diversity into a biological system because of its inherent structural heterogeneity, and thus plays critical roles during a variety of cellular processes, such a ...
... Glycosylation is an important cellular modification, and it is related to many human diseases and developmental defects [1]. It introduces diversity into a biological system because of its inherent structural heterogeneity, and thus plays critical roles during a variety of cellular processes, such a ...
Ubiquitin
Ubiquitin is a small (8.5 kDa) regulatory protein that has been found in almost all tissues (ubiquitously) of eukaryotic organisms. It was discovered in 1975 by Goldstein and further characterized throughout the 1970s and 1980s. There are four genes in the human genome that produce ubiquitin: UBB, UBC, UBA52 and RPS27A.The addition of ubiquitin to a substrate protein is called ubiquitination or ubiquitylation. Ubiquitination can affect proteins in many ways: It can signal for their degradation via the proteasome, alter their cellular location, affect their activity, and promote or prevent protein interactions. Ubiquitination is carried out in three main steps: activation, conjugation, and ligation, performed by ubiquitin-activating enzymes (E1s), ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s), and ubiquitin ligases (E3s), respectively. The result of this sequential cascade binds ubiquitin to lysine residues on the protein substrate via an isopeptide bond or to the amino group of the protein's N-terminus via a peptide bond.The protein modifications can be either a single ubiquitin protein (monoubiquitination) or a chain of ubiquitin (polyubiquitination). The ubiquitination bonds are always formed with one of the seven lysine residues from the ubiquitin molecule. These 'linking' lysines are represented by a ""K"" (which is the one-letter amino acid notation of lysine) and a number, referring to its position in the ubiquitin molecule. First, a ubiquitin molecule is bonded by its C-terminus to a specific lysine residue (e.g. K48, K29, K63,...) on the target protein. Poly-ubiquitination occurs when the C-terminus of another ubiquitin, will be linked again to a lysine residue (for example again K48 or K29) on the previously added ubiquitin molecule, forming a chain. This process repeats several times, leading to the addition of several ubiquitins. Only poly-ubiquitination on defined lysines, mostly on K48 and K29, is related to degradation with the proteasome (referred to as the ""molecular kiss of death""), while other polyubiquitinations (e.g. on K63, K11, K6) and monoubiquitinations may regulate processes such as endocytic trafficking, inflammation, translation and DNA repair.Lysine 48-linked chains have been much-studied. They are the forms of chains that signal proteins to the proteasome, which destroys and recycles proteins. This discovery won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 2004.