Download Gerunds + Infinitives

GERUNDS AND
INFINITIVES
________ING
TO _________
INFINITIVES
Gerunds + Infinitives

An infinitive is when we add
“to” in front of a verb!

To eat

To walk

To run

To play
Infinitive Forms
Simple
Form
Example
Progressive
Perfect
Perfect Progressive
Infinitive Forms
Simple
Form
to write
(in the
present/future)
Do you want to
Example
write in
English?
Progressive
Perfect
Perfect Progressive
Infinitive Forms
Simple
Form
Progressive
to write
to be writing
(in the
(you’re not
present/future)
finished)
Do you want to It’s strange
Example
write in
to be writing
English?
in English!
Perfect
Perfect Progressive
Infinitive Forms
Simple
Form
Progressive
to write
to be writing
(in the
(you’re not
present/future)
finished)
Perfect
to have written
(you have already
done it)
I don’t want to
Do you want to It’s strange
have written the
Example
write in
to be writing
wrong answer, but
English?
in English!
I might have.
Perfect Progressive
Infinitive Forms
Simple
Form
Progressive
to write
to be writing
(in the
(you’re not
present/future)
finished)
Perfect
Perfect Progressive
to have written
(you have already
done it)
to have been
writing
(you’re not
finished and you
say HOW LONG)
I don’t want to
Do you want to It’s strange
have written the
Example
write in
to be writing
wrong answer, but
English?
in English!
I might have.
It’s strange to
have been
writing for so
long!
Infinitives of Purpose


We often use infinitives to
explain why we are doing
something.
This type of infinitive is
called an Infinitive of
Purpose.

Why do you study
English?

I am studying English
to get a good job.
=
I am studying
English because I
want to get a good
job.
Gerunds + Infinitives

Why are you studying
English?

I’m studying
English…

Use an infinitive of purpose
to explain why.

I’m studying
English to
______________
Gerunds + Infinitives


We also use infinitives to
explain how we feel about
something.

I am happy to help
you.

I am sad to say that
you failed.

She will be excited to
learn that you will
marry her!
S + be + emotion adjective +
infinitive
GERUNDS
Gerunds + Infinitives

A gerund is a verb that has
been changed to a noun by
adding “ING”.

Walk (verb)
 Walking

(noun)
Eat (verb)
 Eating
(noun)
Gerunds + Infinitives


A gerund is different from
the progressive forms of
verbs.
You can see that it is not
progressive because there
isn’t the verb BE in front.

I love walking.
 (Gerund)

I am walking.
 (Present
 It
progressive.)
has “am” in front)
Gerunds + Infinitives

A gerund can be a
subject or an
object.

I hate walking. (the
gerund is an OBJECT)

Smoking is unhealthy.
(the gerund is a
SUBJECT)
Gerunds + Infinitives

If you have a verb after a
preposition, you are
WRONG! Change the verb to
a GERUND to keep your
grammar correct.

I am thinking of
walk.

I am thinking of
walking.
Gerunds + Infinitives


Why? Please remember
that a prepositional
phrase ENDS with a
noun!
You cannot put a verb
inside a prepositional
phrase!

I am thinking of walk.

I am thinking of walking.

I am asking about
studying.

I forgot about asking the
teacher.
Gerunds + Infinitives

Think about what
you’re doing after
school.

Tell your partner what
sport you’re thinking
of. “I’m thinking of…”

Did you say “I’m
thinking of
______ing?”
Participle Clauses

As you saw last week, we
often use gerunds in
participle clauses.

Because I was sick, I
couldn’t go.

Being sick, I couldn’t
go.
Gerund Forms
Simple
Affirmative
NORMAL
PASSIVE
Perfect
Negative
Affirmative
Negative
Gerund Forms
Simple
Affirmative
NORMAL
eating
PASSIVE
being eaten
Perfect
Negative
Affirmative
Negative
Gerund Forms
Simple
Perfect
Affirmative
Negative
NORMAL
eating
not eating
PASSIVE
being eaten
not being
eaten
Affirmative
Negative
Gerund Forms
Simple
Perfect
Affirmative
Negative
Affirmative
NORMAL
eating
not eating
having eaten
PASSIVE
being eaten
not being
eaten
having been
written
Negative
Gerund Forms
Simple
Perfect
Affirmative
Negative
Affirmative
Negative
NORMAL
eating
not eating
having eaten
not having
eaten
PASSIVE
being eaten
not being
eaten
having been
written
not having
been written
Perfect Forms

We use these to discuss
the PAST PERFECT
 (had
+ pp).

I had been sick, so I was
confused for the quiz.

Having been sick, I was
confused for the quiz.

I hadn’t studied. I did
very poorly.

Not having studied, I did
very poorly.
Adding the object

I had broken the necklace, so
I couldn’t give it to her. The
dog had broken it.
We can show the
OBJECT by changing it  The necklace having been
broken by my dog, I couldn’t
to:
give it to her.
 Being + past participle


Having been + past
participle

We ate all of the cake. We
felt very sick.

The cake finally being eaten,
we felt very sick.
Gerunds + Infinitives
MOST
IMPORTANTLY:
Gerunds + Infinitives


Some verbs are ALWAYS
followed by a gerund or
infinitive!
You must know these verbs.
They are very important for
good grammar!

I avoid talking
to her.

I decided to
leave early.
Gerunds + Infinitives

You can study these on my
WEBSITE.

I avoid talking
to her.

I decided to
leave early.
Gerunds + Infinitives

Finally, some verbs are
always followed by an
object and infinitive. This
can be very confusing for
some students.

I asked him to
help me.

I hired the
plumber to fix
my toilet.

I taught my dog
to get the
newspaper.
Gerunds + Infinitives

The pattern is:

S + V + O + infinitive

We use this to show that we
made someone else do
something for us.

I asked him to
help me.

I hired the
plumber to fix my
toilet.

I taught my dog to
get the
newspaper.
Questions Answered in This Presentation
1.
What are the 4 different forms of the infinitive?
2.
How do we use infinitives to show purpose?
3.
How do we use them with emotion adjectives?
4.
What are the 4 forms of gerunds?
5.
How do we make these 4 gerund forms passive?
6.
When do we use the PERFECT form of the gerund?
7.
Where can you study the verbs always used with infinitives
or gerunds?
8.
How do we make sentences with the S+ V + O + infinitive
pattern?