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Name______________________________ Per: _____ Date: ______________________________ The Atom and Cells – Study Guide This study guide is to help you understand and recall all the concepts that will be included on the test. Please be aware that it is not to be used as a replacement for studying your notes, daily agendas, and labs. It is only to be used as a supplement. Macromolecules: 1. List the four macromolecules. For each polymer list its monomer (if applicable), at least 2 functions, and at least 2 examples. Macromolecule Monomer At least 2 Functions 2. List the four macromolecules and the elements that compose them. 3. What are enzymes and what do they do? At least 2 Examples The Cell 4. What is a prokaryote? What is a eukaryote? (What are the differences/similarities?) 5. Fill in the following table: Organelle Function (what it does) Nucleus Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi apparatus Chloroplasts Ribosome Cytoplasm Cell Wall Mitochondria Cell Membrane Vacuole Lysosomes 6. Label the following cell diagram. 1._____ cell theory 2._____ cell A) cell component that carries on a specific job for the cell B) packages materials such as proteins made by the cell 3._____ organelle C) control center of the cell where DNA is found 4._____ prokaryote D) where proteins are made in all cells 5._____ eukaryote E) states all living things are made of cells 6._____ mitochondria F) cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles 7._____ ribosome G) structure around the outside of the cell membrane in plants for support and protection 8._____ Golgi apparatus H) smallest part of an organism that can carry on all life processes 9._____ lysosome I) powerhouses of a cell where ATP (energy) is generated 10._____ nucleus J) store enzymes and waste products in a cell 11._____ cell wall K) digests materials within the cell 12._____ vacuole L) where photosynthesis occurs 13._____ chloroplast M) cells lacking a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles 7. In the diagram above, do both cells have a nucleus? ________ What type of cell does this make them? ______________________ 8. Do both cells have mitochondria? ______ 9. List at least three differences between the cells above. 10. _____ Amino acids are monomers of a. disaccharides. b. proteins. c. d. nucleotides. steroids. 11. _____ Which organic molecule below is most closely related to lipids? a. amino acids c. nucleotides b. CH2 chains d. sugars 12. _____ Which organic molecule below is most closely related to nucleic acids? a. amino acids c. nucleotides b. CH2 chains d. sugars 13. _____A(n) _________________ is made up of a sugar, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group. A. amino acid B. nucleotide C. phospholipid D. glycoprotein 14. _____ Glucose, cellulose, and starch are all __________________. A. proteins B. polysaccharides C. nucleic acids D. lipids E. phospholipids 15. _____ Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil are all _____________________ A. amino acids used to make proteins B. carbohydrates used to make polysaccharides C. lipids used to make phospholipids D. nitrogen bases used to make nucleotides 16. Match the molecule with its description: LIPIDS CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS ____________________________ made by joining amino acid subunits in long chains which provide a wide variety of functions in cells ____________________________ made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in a 1:2:1 ratio ____________________________ made from nucleotide subunits which store and carry information ____________________________ hydrophobic fats, oils, waxes, & steroids made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms in long chains or multiple rings 17. _____ A cell that is missing lysosomes would have difficulty doing what? A. digesting food B. storing energy C. packaging proteins D. moving cytoplasm