Download Geology Review: Chapter 12

Geology Review: Chapter 12 & 13
Name:_____________________
Block:______ Date___________
Part I. Write the word that fits each definition.
1. Rocks formed directly from solidified magma:
_____________________
2. Rocks formed from magma that cooled and crystallized
BENEATH the Earth’s surface:
_____________________
3. Rocks formed from magma that cooled and crystallized
ABOVE the Earth’s surface:
_____________________
4. The age of one event compared to another:
_____________________
5. The process whereby the nuclei of radioactive parent isotopes
break down:
_____________________
6. A mechanical instrument used to measure ground motion:
_____________________
7. The graphic record made by the instrument in #6:
_____________________
8. A rough, uneven break (crack) in a body of rock or material:
_____________________
9. Transportation of weathered rock fragments from one place
to another:
_____________________
10. A location on the surface of the Earth directly above the
point of origin of an earthquake:
_____________________
11. The point of origin of an earthquake:
_____________________
12. A crack in a body of rock along which there has been some
movement:
_____________________
13. The bending and tilting of rock layers:
_____________________
14. A secondary earthquake that occurs after the main shock:
_____________________
15. The amount of time in years that has passed since a particular
event:
_____________________
16. Rock that has been changed by the action of pressure/heat:
_____________________
17. Molten rock on the Earth’s surface:
_____________________
18. A scientist that specializes in the study of the Earth:
_____________________
19. A scientist who specializes in the study of fossils:
_____________________
20. Two or more atoms of the same element that have the same
number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons:
_____________________
21. A large wave caused by an earthquake on the ocean floor:
_____________________
22. A scale of earthquake intensity based on observation of the
effects produced by ground motion:
_____________________
23. A scale of earthquake intensity based on measurements of the
actual amount of ground motion:
_____________________
24. The amount of time required for half of the nuclei in a radioactive
sample to decay:
_____________________
25. Fossils useful for indicating a period of geological time:
_____________________
Part II. Answer each question below. Point form is acceptable.
1. Describe the differences between a P-wave and an S-wave.
2. List in order, the six layers that make up the Earth (see pages 301-303)
3. Explain how a seismograph works. (use a diagram)
4. Describe the origin of the forces that cause tectonic plates to move.
5. Which geological feature and effects are produced as a result of tectonic plate movement?
6. Explain the theory behind radiometric dating.
7. a) Plot a radioactive decay curve for uranium-235, which has a half-life of 713 million years.
(Time goes on the x-axis). Remember to label the axes.
8. Although the Earth is thought to be about 4.6 billion years old, no rock that old has ever been found.
Refer to the rock cycle (p. 260) and explain why it is unlikely that a rock this old will ever be found.