Download Adaptations to the body

Adaptations to the body
Miss Lisa Mc Sweeney
Lesson Aims
Students by this lesson should know....
 The adaptations of the cardiovascular system to exercise
 The adaptations of the respiratory system to exercise
 The adaptations of the energy system
The Cardiovascular System
 Heart contracts more often, meaning there is an increase in heart
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rate (beats per min)
The heart contracts more powerfully- increased stroke volume
(the volume of blood pumped out of the heart each beat).
Blood is diverted to muscles (e.g. Is diverted away from the
bodies digestive system....why you should not eat before
exercise....)
Blood temperature rises
Blood vessels near skin open to allow heat to be lost.
Heart muscle increases in size and strength
 Cardiac Output (the amount of blood pumped by the heart in
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one minute. Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output)
Heart Rate x Stroke Volume = Cardiac Output
Lower resting heart rate as your body becomes used to sustained
exercise.
Quicker recovery periods after exercise
Reduced risk of heart disease
Increased number of capillaries
Increased volume of blood and red blood cells
The Respiratory System
 Increased rate in breathing
 Increased depth in breathing (e.g. rise in Tidal Volume- the
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amount of air breathed in or out of the lungs in one breath).
Increased strength of diaphragm and intercostals muscles
Increased ability of the lungs to extract oxygen from the air.
Increased Vital Capacity (the maximum amount of air that can be
forcibly exhaled after breathing in).
Increased amount of oxygen delivered to, and carbon dioxide
removed from the body.
The respiratory system deals with taking the oxygen into the
body and also with helping remove the waste products.
 Training over a period of time works by reducing resting heart
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rate and the breathing rate during exercise
Endurance training can help to slightly increase lung volume (vital
capacity increase, meaning you can take more oxygen on board).
This will also help strengthen respiratory muscles as this increase
in lung volume will aid lung inflation.
Endurance training will also increase the capillarisation around
alveoli in the lungs. This helps to increase the amount of gas
exchange in the lungs and therefore, increase the amount of
oxygen entering the blood and the amount of carbon dioxide
leaving the blood.
Strength training produces few adaptations in that this system uses
the anaerobic energy system, whereas the respiratory system is
only really concerned with the aerobic energy system.
Energy System Adaptations
 Aerobic training will increase the number of mitochondria in slow
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twitch muscle fibres. This allows a greater production of ATP
through the aerobic energy system.
Greater amounts of glycogen can be stored in the liver and in the
skeletal muscle.
There is an increase in the amount of enzymes required for body
fat to be broken down, and more body fat is stored in muscle
tissue (e.g. Meaning that more fat can be used as an energy source
for exercise participation).
Strength training (which is primarily anaerobic) uses the PC and
lactic acid system.
Long term (of more than 8 weeks) strength training increases the
bodies tolerance to low levels of pH. As a result energy can be
produced by the lactic acid system, and the increased production
of lactic acid can be tolerated for longer.