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PHRASES Why study grammar? Just as learning to use any machine or technology requires a knowledge of how things work together, using a written communication system for oneself requires an awareness of how the system works – - the parts and how they work together so that others will understand. Phrases- a group of related words without a verb and subject which also serves as an entire unit and acts as one part of speech [Verb phrase- consists of a main verb and helping verbs but all serve together as one verb] [Absolute phrase – consists of a n or pron modified by a participle and has no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence nor does it function as a part of speech. Examples = Our business finished, the ladies shook hands. I left the premises, the day’s work done.] Prepositional phrase- group of words which begins with a preposition and ends with an object of a preposition (n. or pron.) A prepositional phrase always acts like a modifier (adj. or adv.) Examples = of the room, by the way, with us, to him, under the bed Appositive phrase – includes a n. or pronoun and adds information or identification to another noun or pronoun; examples = My friend James is going with us. She hopes to meet Ms. Rowling, the famous writer. Verbal phrase- [NOT a verb phrase] = looks like a verb but does not act like a verb Participial phrase (present and past) = always serves as an adjective modifying nouns or pronouns Ex. = I saw two kittens playing happily. Thinking about the snow, Joe pulled on his cap. The very frightened cat ran up a tree. The people seated in the middle of the room had a great view. Your example __________________________________________________________ Gerund phrase = always ends with “–ing” but acts like a noun Ex. = My favorite sport is swimming. I have no time for relaxing at school. Writing good essays takes time. Your example _____________________________________________________________ Infinitive phrase= consists of “to” + simple verb and acts as a noun, adjective, or adverb Ex.= To forgive is noble. The person to see is the manager. I play to win. Your example ________________________________________________________________