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Surface Anatomy of Foot and Palpation • Calcaneus – Sustentaculum tali – Fibular trochlea • Navicular tuberosity • Cuboid and cuneiforms – hard to palpate • Metatarsals – Head of first metatarsal – Medial and lateral sesamoid bones of 1st MT – Tuberosity of 5th MT Superficial structures of the foot • Page 170-174 Sole of the Foot Layers of the Sole of the Foot • 4 layers of muscles and tendons – Muscles innervated by medial and lateral plantar nerves • 2 neurovascular planes – Supply muscles in the 4 layers – Superficial plane – Deep plane Layer 1 – most superficial • 3 muscles – Abductor hallucis muscle – Flexor digitorum brevis muscle – Abductor digiti minimi muscle Deep to first layer • Deep to abductor hallucis muscle – Posterior tibial artery divides into the medial and lateral plantar arteries – Also superficial branches of medial and lateral plantar nerves • Deep to flexor digitorum brevis – Plantar digital nerves Second Layer of Plantar muscles • 2 muscles (know attachments), 2 tendons • 4 lumbrical muscles • Quadratus plantae muscle • FHL tendon • FDL tendon rd 3 Layer of Plantar muscles • 3 muscles – Flexor hallucis brevis mm. – Adductor hallucis mm. – Flexor digiti minimi mm. th 4 Layer of Plantar muscles • 2 muscles, 2 tendons – 3 plantar interossei mm. – 4 dorsal interossei mm. – Tendon fibularis longus – Tendon tibialis posterior
