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KIN 481 Movement Analysis What do you need to know in order to analyze an action? • Joint movements involved • Joints involved • Agonists You must be able to observe the movement or be aware of its execution Joint movements • Establish starting position for the movement. • Determine the joint action at each joint involved Agonists: Creating vs. Controlling for Movements • Creating the concentric phase of a movement • Controlling for the eccentric phase Creating vs. controlling • Agonist: muscle that provides force during a movement. • The same muscle will provide force during the concentric and eccentric phase. • Create = concentric = against resistance (moving action) • Control = eccentric = with resistance (braking action) So…the same muscles that are active during the control (eccentric) phase are also active during the create (concentric) phase. Why is this often confusing? Look at the arm curl. It begins with the barbell in the down position. The move up to the chest involves flexion of the elbow. The active (concentric) muscles are the elbow flexors (eg:brachialis, biceps). The next movement in the arm curl is down to the starting position. This is elbow extension…but the active muscles are the elbow flexors! During the eccentric (control) phase, when the muscles are used as brakes to slow down movement, the active muscles will still be the agonists. Exercises to Analyze • Each exercise listed includes the joint and movements. • You should be able to list the muscles active at each joint during this exercise (minimum 3 if there are that many). • This list is the concentric phase…during the eccentric phase the movement would be opposite, but the agonist muscles would remain the same. Upper Body Exercises • Arm curl – Elbow flexion, wrist and hand flexion • Triceps extension – Elbow extension, wrist and hand flexion. • Military press – Shoulder flexion (or abduction), elbow extension, wrist and hand flexion. • Bench press – Shoulder horizontal adduction, elbow extension, wrist and hand flexion Upper Body Exercises (cont.) • Pull up – Shoulder extension (or adduction), elbow flexion, wrist and hand flexion • Lat pull down – Shoulder adduction, elbow flexion,wrist and hand flexion. • Push up – Shoulder horiz adduction (or flexion), elbow extension, wrist and hand flexion. • Bent row – Shoulder horizontal abduction, elbow flexion, wrist and hand flexion Lower Extremity and Trunk Exercises to Analyze • Sit up – Trunk flexion, hip flexion • Squat (eccentric movement is first) – Hip extension, knee extension • Dead lift – Trunk extension, hip extension, knee extension • Leg press – Hip extension, knee extension • Leg curls – Knee flexion • Leg extensions – Knee extension So…given all that information, how do I create the analysis? Arm curl • Concentric movement: from down position curling bar up to chest. – Concentric elbow flexion: biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres, plus assisting forearm flexors. • Eccentric movement: return to down position (arms extended) – Eccentric elbow extension: biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, pronator teres, plus assisting forearm flexors. Let’s do another just to make sure you have the hang of it… Push Up • Concentric movement up from floor: – shoulder horiz adductors: Clav. PM, Sternal PM, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii. – elbow extensors: triceps brachii, anconeus, plus assisting forearm extensors. • Eccentric movement down to floor: – shoulder horiz adductors: Clav. PM, Sternal PM, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii. – elbow extensors: triceps brachii, anconeus, plus assisting forearm extensors. It’s as simple as that! You have all the movements and exercises here in these notes. All you have to do is fill in the muscles for each.