* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Microbiology DENT 132: E
Survey
Document related concepts
Traveler's diarrhea wikipedia , lookup
Antibiotics wikipedia , lookup
Foodborne illness wikipedia , lookup
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae wikipedia , lookup
Brucellosis wikipedia , lookup
Bioterrorism wikipedia , lookup
Rocky Mountain spotted fever wikipedia , lookup
Sexually transmitted infection wikipedia , lookup
Anaerobic infection wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Neisseria meningitidis wikipedia , lookup
Hepatitis B wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Microbiology – Study of Nature, Life, and Microorganisms – Remember Microbiology is an important part of Infection Control….. WHY? Microbiology DENT 132: E Microorganism – Small Organisms Needing Microscope – Adult Mouth – http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_ecology – http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/healthymouth-14/your-healthy-mouth/rm-quizgerms-your-mouth How many bacteria live in my mouth? – Between 100 Million & 20 Billion Bacteria live in the mouth – produce every 5 hours – All Microorganisms live in the mouth – Need Microorganisms to live (ie. Bacteria in Stomach, Yeast, Molds, etc.) Microbiology www.rdhmag.com/articles/.../oralbacteria-how-many-how-fast.html Microbiology DENT 132: E Most Dangerous Are: Spores, Hepatitis B, and Tuberculosis Microbiology DENT 132: E Aerobe (aerobic) – Bacteria That Needs Oxygen to Grow…Will Die Without It Anaerobe (anaerobic) – Bacteria That Needs NO Oxygen to Grow..Dies With It Hydrogen Peroxide Kills Bacteria— Oxygenated Water Microbiology DENT 132: E Epidemiology – Study of the Way Diseases Spread Etiology – Study of the Cause of Disease Idiopathic – Unknown Cause of Disease Microbiology DENT 132: E 4 Major Types of Microorganisms: – 1. Bacteria – 2. Rickettsiae – 3. Virus – 4. Fungus – See folder Microbiology DENT 132: E 1. Bacteria – 1 Celled Plant/Animal W/ No Chlorophyll Shapes/Forms of Bacteria: – 1. Cocci – Spherical • • • • A. Monococci – Single B. Diplococci – Pair C. Staphylococci – Clusters D. Streptococci – Chain – 2. Bacilli – Rod-Shaped Microbiology DENT 132: E Lactobacilli: Most Common Bacteria in the Mouth 2 Types of Bacteria: – 1. Spores • Most Resistant • Non-Growing, Protective Microbiology DENT 132: E Capsulated Spores Con’t Heavy Cell-Covering: Protective Mucoid Covering on Bacteria Spores can remain dormant until opportunity to infect (latent TB) (may never infect) TB infects the susceptible host (usually person who comes in contact with TB spores from a person with active TB and/or “high risk” individuals) Microbiology DENT 132: E 2. Spirochetes Characteristics of Bacteria & Protozoa Actively Motile, Flexible, Slender, Spiral Found in Contaminated Water, Sewage, Soil (They Love Moisture) Passed Directly From Human to Human Can Live Outside the Body Killed by Penicillin & Drying Microbiology DENT 132: E Exotoxin – Toxic Chemicals Secreted by Bacteria Such As Tetanus, Botulism, Diptheria 7 Diseases Caused by Bacteria – – – – – – – Decay – strep & lactobacillus Periodontal Disease – see next slide Diptheria - Corynebacterium diphtheriae Tuberculosis – tubercle bacillus Typhoid Fever – salmonella bacteria Pneumonia – bacteria (strep) & viruses Syphilis – treponema pallidum Bacteria associated with Periodontal Disease Actinobacillus (A.) actinomycetemcomitans Porphyromonas (P.) gingivalis. Streptococci T. forsythia and T. denticola Microbiology DENT 132: E II. Rickettsia(e) – Similar to Bacteria & Viruses – Small – Non-Motile – Do Not Form Spores – Don’t Live Outside Living Tissues – Parasite Found in Insect Intestinal tracts (ie., lice, ticks, fleas, mosquitoes) Microbiology DENT 132: E 2 Diseases Caused by Rickettsiae (transmitted by bite or rubbing into tissue) – 1. Typhus – fleas & ticks – 2. Rocky Mountain Fever - ticks Microbiology DENT 132: E III. Viruses – Smallest Microbes – Infectious Particles, Like Small Parasites – Only Seen by Electron Microscope – Can Pass Through Filters That Catch Bacteria – They Don’t Live Outside Body & Cannot Reproduce Outside Living Cells Microbiology DENT 132: E Shapes of Viruses: – 1. Round – 2. Elongated, With or Without Tail 11 Diseases Caused by Viruses – 1. Colds – 2. Smallpox – 3. Measles – 4.Mumps (parotid gland) – 5.Rabies – virus found in saliva Microbiology DENT 132: E – – – – – – 6. Chicken Pox 7. Herpes Simplex 8. Flu 9. Polio 10. Hepatitis 11. HIV Microbiology DENT 132: E – AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome – HIV – Human Immunodificiency Virus – What’s the difference? Function of the Liver Function of the Liver is to Metabolize Fats, Detoxify Harmful Substances, & Produce Body Heat Microbiology DENT 132: E A. Hepatitis A – Infectious Can Survive for Weeks on Dry Surface Hepatitis Can Withstand Alcohol, Boiling Water, and Most Disinfecting Solutions B. Hepatitis B – Serum Caused by Needles, Dirty Instruments, Blood, and Saliva Microbiology DENT 132: E Vaccine Available for Hep B: Response: #1 (0) Month #2 (1 Month Later) #3 (6 Months Later) 30% 75% 96% Microbiology DENT 132: E One Month After #3, Test for Antibodies Every 2-5 Years, Get Tested Booster May be Needed 7 Years + Can Be Non-Responder (have 2 tests, then wait) Microbiology DENT 132: E C. Non-A Non-B (Like Hepatitis B) – Same Transmission & Carrier State – No Vaccine Available CDC Policy, If Needle Stick, Test: – – – – 1. Immediately 2. 6 Weeks Post-Exposure 3. 12 Week Post-Exposure 4. 6 Months Post Exposure Microbiology DENT 132: E D. Hepatitis D – No Vaccine Available E. Cirrhosis of the Liver – Non-Viral – Considered Hepatitis – Not Inflammatory – Chronic, NOT Reversible, Progressive – Liver Hardens as it Deteriorates – Not Contagious Microbiology DENT 132: E Diagnostic Tests Performed – A. Elisa (to screen blood) – B. Western Blot Assay (to screen blood) – C. HIV Antigen Assay IV. Fungus/Fungi – Plants that Lack Chlorophyll (yeasts/molds) Microbiology DENT 132: E More Than 100,000 Types, in 2 Categories: 1. Yeasts • 20-100 times larger than bacteria 2. Molds • • • • Makes Penicillin Mold if Wooly or Furry Mildew on Spoiled Foods, Clothing, Walls Used in Cheese and Salad Dressing Microbiology DENT 132: E • • • • Thrush Athlete’s Foot Ringworm If Fungi is Food, It Is Edible Because It Comes From Living Organism, Like Mushrooms Microbiology DENT 132: E Protozoa 1-Celled Microorganism/Animal. Simplest Form of Animal Life If Pathogenic, Transmitted by Carriers, Like Malaria Malaria – Chloroquinine to Prevent Needs Fluids to be Active (pools, lakes) Mostly Aerobic (needs oxygen) Microbiology DENT 132: E Why Can’t You Tell That You’re Spreading A Disease? Rich Blood Supply in Mouth- helps speed up healing