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IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire
Oct. 3, 2014
Questionnaire to Assist in the Development of a
High Temperature Superconductivity Roadmap Document
This questionnaire is being developed on behalf of the International Energy Agency’s
Implementing Agreement on High Temperature Superconductivity (IEA IA-HTS).1 The
data collected from this questionnaire will be used as input for a HTS Roadmap
Document for 2015-2030. The Roadmap will help to:

describe the current state of the art and where the industry and other
stakeholders are heading in the future;

identify what the challenges and needs are for integrating superconducting
based devices into electric grids across the world;

inform decision makers about benefits of HTS investments; and

ensure that HTS applications are part of both IEA and country energy
strategy/initiatives to help modernize the energy sector.
After the information is collected, it will be summarized and shared with the respondents.
The sources for the information will remain anonymous. If there are questions that are not
applicable or if you prefer not to answer, then please leave them blank. Your input is
critical in helping develop this roadmap document and we very much appreciate your
assistance by completing this by November 28, 2014 (extended to December 15, 2014).
In this questionnaire there are six short sections to be answered depending on your main
field of experience.
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Survey Section
To be answered by
1) Interviewee background
All
2) Background
All
3) Technical challenges and needs
All
4) HTS material and cooling requirements
for device manufacturers
Device manufacturers
5) Market competitive factors of price and
production quantity
All
6) General Perspective
All
The purpose of the IEA IA-HTS is to assess the challenges and needs to advance superconductivity from
laboratory projects to devices that will significantly improve the generation, transmission, distribution and use of
electric power. More information can be found at http://superconductivityiea.rse-web.it.
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IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire
Oct. 3, 2014
Section 1: Interviewee Background
Q1. Please provide background information about yourself (if you prefer then leave the name
field blank)
Name
Title, Job Position*
Industry Field**
Country
*Academic Researcher, Government Researcher, Industry Researcher, Executive (CEO,
President, Owner…), Project Manager, Other (please specify)
**Academia/University, National Laboratory, Utility, Commercial and Industrial Sector,
Other (please specify)
Section 2: Background
Q2. On what type of conductor/refrigeration system/device are you focusing on at present?
Please mark the corresponding boxes
1) Conductor
□YBCO
□Bi2223
□Bi2212
2) Refrigeration and cooling system for HTS
□GM
3) HTS Devices
□Cable
□Transformer
□Stirling
□MgB2
□Turbo-Brayton □Pulse-tube □Others
□FCL □Rotating Machine
□SMES
□Other (please specify if other)___________
Q3. What are the typical properties of Q2 above?
Note: If you are only working on conductors, then only provide technical properties data
for subsection 1 below. Please make a copy and complete the table if you’re studying
more than 1 conductor. This is the same for subsections 2 and 3 for refrigeration systems
and devices.
1) Conductor (Please provide data that is not from the best production run, but for an
average wire that could be sold).
Ic at 0T (A/cm)*
at 77K or 20K
for length
(m) >100m
Ic at 3T or other fields
at 77K, 20K, or
for length
(A/cm)*
other temperatures
(m)>100m
Production Capacity
(km/year)
Maximum unit length (m)
Application**
If there are any other properties such as Ic homogenization, AC loss and so on, please add
rows.
*please multiply the factor if you use a smaller width than 1cm or please specify here the
sample size and form; e.g. 0.8mm dia. (This is the same for all the Ic in the tables below.)
** If known, please indicate which application the wire will be used in. Cable, FCL,
Rotating Machine (Generator, Motor), SMES, Transformer, General purpose or others
(please specify in the column).
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IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire
Oct. 3, 2014
2) Refrigeration system (for HTS device).
Maintenance
Cooling Power
COP
Others*
Application**
Interval
( ) W at ( ) K
( ) hours
* If you provide the system (such as coolant and pump), please specify here or add a
row.
** Cable, FCL, Rotating Machines (Generator, Motor), SMES, Transformer, General
purpose or others (please specify in the column).
3) HTS Device (choose one of the columns to complete depending on your device).
Rotating
Cable
FCL
SMES
Transformer
machine
Typical
□ AC
( ) kV
( ) MW
( ) MW
( ) kV/( ) kV
Specifications □ DC
( )A
( ) rpm
( ) MJ
( ) MW
( ) kV
( ) A***
( )A
( )A
( )A
( ) T***
( ) T***
( ) T***
Conductor*
Refrigeration
or System
( )K
( )K
( )K
( )K
( )K
Application**
* Bi2223, YBCO, MgB2, or Bi2212
** Please specify applications such as transmission line, distribution line, renewable
energy application, data center line, SMES for voltage dip compensation application.
*** Here, A means such as Iop (operational current) for HTS field winding. T (Tesla)
means a magnetic field by HTS.
Section 3: Technical Challenges and Needs
Q4. In which phase is your work in now and when could it to proceed to the next phase in the
commercialization pathway? An example is given below using an “X” to show the
product moving along the pathway (Table I). In addition, please provide details (any
technical characteristics) about how the project will be different in each timeframe
(Table II). (Please delete the cable example below).
*If this question does not apply to you then please leave it blank.
Table I: Project Pathway (Please overwrite Cable example.)
EXAMPLE - Cable
Today
2020
Research and
X
Development
Demonstration in the field
X (3km length)
Initial market penetration
Mass production with
improvement
(Competition & Growth)
Widespread Market
Adoption
(Stable Growth)
2025
2030
X (1cable)
X (3 cables)
X (10 cables)
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IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire
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Table II: Expected Performance for each timeframe. (Please overwrite Cable
example.) If you are a wire manufacturer, please provide data that is not from the best
production run for a short sample, but for a long (>100m) sample on average. If you are
conducting basic research, for instance like a university professor, please estimate these
data.
EXAMPLE - Cable
Type
Length, m
Today
2020
3 Phase
Coaxial-Single
1000-2500
3 Phase
Coaxial-Single
>3000
Rated Voltage,
kV/Current, A
10/2300
Capacity, MVA
40
2025
Reasonably
low loss
including
refrigeration
others
2030
Reliability for
long run
operation and
fail safe
measures
against
accidents
Q5. What are the technical challenges and the needs to overcome these challenges for your
application to proceed along the commercialization pathway? What are the metrics for
these challenges? See examples below.
*Please share your comments even if you are not currently involved in a project.
(Please delete the wire example below.)
Technical
Challenges (or
problems)
Long length
quality control
using in-line
process control
Effective
Pinning Centers
Needs to
overcome these
challenges (or
potential
solutions)
High-throughput
methods to
control the
quality of the
precursors and
deposited films
will greatly
enhance the
manufacturing
yield.
The XX
application needs
an increase in Ic
in the magnetic
field, without
changing the
wire thickness.
So we need the
Today’s
baseline
-2020
Milestones
-2025
-2030
Manufactu Improve
ring yield ment of
is Y
yield by
25% over
baseline
Improvem
ent of
yield by
50% over
baseline
Improveme
nt of yield
by 100%
over
baseline
100A/cm
300
(e.g. at 3T,
20K)
500
Depends on
the market
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IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire
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effective pinning
centers.
Methods to
In some
reduce AC loss, applications,
increase
such as XX with
stability
a high ramping
(Multi-filamenta speed to Iop or a
rization, high
cycling operation
resistive barrier current, we need
around
to reduce AC
filaments…)
losses.
*Other examples include homogenization of Ic, high Je (engineering current density),
superconducting junction etc.
Is your application targeted for commercialization later than 2030 (Widespread Market
Adoption in Q5, Table I)? If so, when? What other Challenges do you have?
When:
Challenges:
Section 4: HTS material and cooling requirements for device manufacturers
The questions in this section are specific to device manufacturers about requirements for
further developments. (If there are questions that are not applicable or if you prefer not to
answer, then please leave it blank.)
Q6. What are your requirements for HTS components (Wire, Refrigeration) for your device in
the commercialization process?
Your Device Type:
For wire*:
For refrigeration system:
*such as low cost, homogenization, reliability (maintenance term), delivery time and so
on for properties, and standardization, unit length, one order quantity, inspection process
and so on for manufacturing process.
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IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire
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Q7. What Ic of the wire do you currently use in your device and which will you request in the
next phase of your project (or in your next proposed project) and when and why will it be
needed?
Wire
Current
Next Step
When?
kind of wire kind of wire (YBCO,
(YBCO,
Bi2223..)
Bi2223..)
>1000A/cm*
700-1000*
500-700*
X (example)
2016
Why?
-
For compactness of
application
300-500*
100-300*
X (example)
<100*
*please multiply the factor if you use smaller width than 1cm or please specify here
the sample size and form; e.g. 0.8mm dia.
Q8. What magnetic field are you currently using and which will you request in the next phase
of your project (or in your next proposed project)?
Wire
Current
Next step
When?
kind of wire kind of wire
(YBCO,
(YBCO,
Bi2223..)
Bi2223..)
>10T
5-10
2-5
1-2
<1
X (example)
2016
Why?
For high
application
power
X (example)
Q9. What temperature and cooling system are you 1) currently using and will you use or 2)
improve in the next step (or in your next project)?
Next step*
Characteristics Current*
By When?
77 K (LN2)
65 K
~20 K (LH2)
GM or LH2
X (high power xxkW) 2016
4.2K (LiqHe)
others
*such as GM, Stirling, Turbo-Brayton, Pulse-tube, liquid (N2, H2, He) circulation and
pump, others and so on
Q10. If you would like to change or improve your refrigeration system, what is the reason and
purpose?
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IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire
Oct. 3, 2014
Section 5: Market Competitive Factors of Price and Production Quantity
Q11. For all: What price of the wire will be competitive in each phase? (not limited to
your existing product.) Please mark the row with an X. If not applicable, please leave the
row blank.
Prototype and
demonstration
device
Initial market Mass production
penetration
with
improvement
(Competition &
Growth)
Widespread
Market
Adoption
(Stable
Growth)
>US$
300/kAm*
100-300
X
50-100
X
25-50
X
10-25
X
5-10
<5
*at operation condition of each application to buy wire.
Gray X in the column is an example. Please delete when filling in.
Please add any comments about the commercial price target:
X
Q12. For All: What volume of wire will be needed in your device*? Please mark the
row with an X (with no. of devices and each year achieved). If not applicable, please
leave the row blank. If you are a wire manufacturer, please write your production plan
which you can do now and in the future. If not applicable, please leave it blank.
Application
2014
/Year
Cable
R&D
>1000
km/year
500-1000
300-500
100-300
50-100
25-50
10-25
2016
2020
Prototype Initial
and
market
demonstra penetration
tion device
2025
Mass
production
with
improvement
(Competition
& Growth)
2030
Widespread
Market
Adoption
(Stable
Growth)
X(>10)
X(5)
X(2)
X (1)
X
(1device
/year)
<25
*please indicate the maximum amount you think you will need
Gray X in the column is an example. Please delete when filling in.
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IEA IA-HTS Questionnaire
Oct. 3, 2014
Section 6: General Perspective
Q13. For all: What is your opinion and reason for the most promising (in terms of market
size) HTS applications in your country/region (please specify) for the two cases below?
Case 1) Among power application devices (such as Windmill generator, FCL in a
distribution line…):
Case 2) In other fields (like MRI, NMR, Maglev-train, High-field magnet …):
*
If you have any references (websites, articles, etc) related to your answers, please
attach those in your reply.
Q14. For all (Free description): If you have any other perspectives or general opinions in HTS
R&D, please write it here. Also, we welcome your comments related to the
questionnaire, itself, for our subsequent work.
----This is the end of questionnaire. Thank you for your cooperation.---
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