Download Understanding the Earth

6th Grade:
Understanding the Earth: Check page 34
1. Core: sphere of very hot metal at
center of Earth
2. Mantle: thick, hot, rocky, layer
around core
3. Crust: thin layer of rocks and
minerals that surrounds mantle
Forces Inside Earth: (pg. 36-38)
1. Magma: soft, nearly molten rock
2. Plates: huge blocks of Earth’s crust
(includes ocean floor) Example:
continents or parts of continents
Forces of Earth’s Surface:
a. Weathering: a process that breaks
rocks down into tiny pieces
b. Erosion: the removal of small pieces
of rock by water, ice, or wind. Example:
old roads
c. 2. Name the layer of Earth that
contains
mostly
liquid
rock.
_____________________________
_____
d. 3. Name Earth’s thickest layer.
High temperatures can soften this
layer and cause it to change shape.
e. ___________________________
__________
f. 4. Name Earth’s thinnest layer.
_____________________________
_______
g. 5. Which layer of Earth is solid due to
tremendous
pressure?_________________________
________
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Geographer’s Tools (pg. 18)
Mercator Projection: projection method of
mapping Earth on a flat surface.
Cardinal directions: the address of Latitude
and longitude. Ex: 40 degrees North and
180 degrees East.
Check page 34 for core
Weather: the condition of the air and sky
from day to day
Precipitation: water that falls to the ground
as rain, sleet, hail, or snow
Climate: place is the average weather over
many years.
The Water Cycle:
How Oceans Affect Climate: Cities close
to the ocean, have warmer winters,
places further away from the ocean
have more extreme weather. Ex: North
Atlantic Current , helps London have
mild weather, or Norway’s eastern coast
Tropical cyclones: intense wind and rain
storms that form over oceans in the tropics.
Aka: Hurricanes
Pg. 46…Weather Forecasting, pg. 48Climate Graph…practice page. 48 and 49.
Vegetation: plants that grow in a region
5 Types of climates:
1. Tropical Climates: (2 kinds)
a. Wet climate- has year-round
rainfall. Vegetation is tropical
rainforest.
b. Wet-dry climate: has 2 seasons, a
rainy season and a dry season
2. Dry climates: arid and semiarid
climates have very hot summers and
generally mild winters. Very little rain.
Little or no vegetation.
3. Temperate Marine Climates: found in
middle latitudes, usually near
coastlines…3 types:
a. Mediterranean (rain falls mainly
in winter
b. Marine west coast (plenty of rain)
c. Humid subtropical(“ “)
All climates have winters and warm
summers.
4. Temperate Continental Climates:
summer is warm to hot, but winters
can be very cold. Mostly forests and
grasslands grow here.
5. Polar Climates: cold all year round.
Tundra: cold, dry, treeless region that is
covered with snow for most of the year.
No vegetation can grow here.
Which climate is represented in this
picture?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.