Download File - Coach Hardin`s World

WARM-UP!!
• At the top of your notes, write down what
you think a “Reformation” is and give an
example.
Who was A&E’s most influential person
of the last millenium? (1001-2000)
• Johann Gutenberg
• Created printing press
• Faster reproduction of
books and ideas
• Increased literacy
Only write what is in black!
The Protestant Reformation
• 16th Century
movement for
religious REFORM
(1500’s)
• Led to the founding
of Christian Churches
that rejected the
Pope’s authority.
• Protestant- protested
the Catholic Church
Christian
Catholic
Protestant
Protestant
Lutheran
Calvinist
Anglican
I. Abuses of the Catholic Church
A. Church leaders corrupt and extravagant
“God has given us the papacy, now let us enjoy it!”
Patrons of the Arts
Sistine Chapel
Chalice of
Pope Pius IX
B. Rulers resent papal influence in political
affairs
Canon Law over civil law
Power struggle between
Popes and Kings
Excommunication...
C. Middle Classes resent paying church
taxes
• Church owned much land and taxed its inhabitants
• Resentment over
flow of money to the Vatican in Rome.
• Church was tax exempt
D. Lower clergy (priests) are guilty of
breaking vows.
• Took vows of poverty and chastity, yet most lived
richly and some had kids
• Priests were main contact for the people to the church.
Many uneducated, couldn’t
read Latin
Sacraments in Latin
No sacraments,
no salvation!
II. Church practices seen as abuses:
A. Sale of Indulgences- Accepting money for Church
pardons (Buy your way out of sin)
B. Simony- Buying and selling of church positions
C. Nepotism- Jobs given to relatives
D. Relics Pilgrimages to Holy places to view relics. (Examples:
piece of Moses’ burning bush, straw from Jesus’ manger,
bones of a martyr or saint) People charged to see these
And many were fake!!!
III. Eventually, the authority of church
leaders is questioned
• At issue: Is the Church or the Bible itself the
higher authority? (listen to Church or
interpret for self?)
•Question:
“What must one
do to be saved?”
THE REFORMERS
• Martin Luther
• German; welleducated member of Catholic
Church
• Wrote 95 Theses to debate
problems in the Church (1517)
• Credited with starting the
Protestant Reformation
• Gutenberg’s printing pressspread 95 Theses around
Germany
• Believed in: Justification by
Faith (faith is all that is needed
to go to heaven)
• Service in the vernacular
(native language)
• Individual should interpret
what the Bible means
• Clergy may marry, have kids
• Founded the Lutheran Church
• John Calvin
• French, broke from the
Church in 1530
• Ideas not widely accepted
in Catholic France
• Fled to Switzerland to
escape punishment
• Predestination- fate
(heaven or hell) already
decided (no way to change
it)
• Protestant Work Ethicreward will be in heaven
• No gambling, card playing,
music, dancing
• Scotland: Presbyterians
• England: Puritans
• Henry VIII
• King of England
• Devoted member of
Catholic Church, but…
• “needed” a divorce!
• Had a daughter, but
wanted a son to be king
• Request for divorce
denied by Pope
• “Created” Anglican
Church (Church of
England) in 1534
• Act of Supremacy: King,
not Pope official head of
England’s Church
• Political motive (unlike
Luther and Calvin)