* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Lewis FT 1923 The significance of the term hippocampus. J Comp
Survey
Document related concepts
Optogenetics wikipedia , lookup
Catastrophic interference wikipedia , lookup
Perceptual learning wikipedia , lookup
Synaptic gating wikipedia , lookup
Adult neurogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Memory consolidation wikipedia , lookup
De novo protein synthesis theory of memory formation wikipedia , lookup
Machine learning wikipedia , lookup
Learning theory (education) wikipedia , lookup
Concept learning wikipedia , lookup
Eyeblink conditioning wikipedia , lookup
Environmental enrichment wikipedia , lookup
Channelrhodopsin wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Learning behaviour 2 • What do animals learn? Learning about the location of home (or the birth place) • Atlantic salmon return to their native river (they memorise olfactory cues of the stream in which they were born) Learning about the path to the food source “Progress has been made by Chittka & Geiger, who in heroic experiments, erected 3.46m high artificial landmarks...“ Collett & Zeil 1998, In: Spatial representation in animals. (Healy S, ed) Counting bees Counting bees The hippocampus as a model for processing of spatial memory information Location of the hippocampus in humans Why is the hippocampus called hippocampus? • “The flight of fancy which led Arantius, in 1587, to introduce the term 'hippocampus‘ is recorded in what is perhaps the worst anatomical description extant. It has left its readers in doubt whether the elevations of cerebral substance were being compared with fish or beast, and no one could be sure which end was the head." Lewis FT 1923 The significance of the term hippocampus. J Comp Neurol 35: 213 The hippocampus as a neural substrate for the cognitive map? Hippocampal place cells Types of neurons found in hippocampus and adjacent brain areas: • place cells • head direction cells in the subiculum • The hippocampus receives input from “intention cells” in prefrontal cortex Hippocampus and ecology in birds – what food storing birds can do: • hide 50-100 seeds a day, so may have several 1000 caches • dig these up after weeks or months • remember sequence of hiding (so they unearth the ones hidden earlier) • remember the quality of seeds so that they preferentially dig up the better ones Hippocampus in birds Learning about mates Fig. 1.10 Imagine a female who mates with different males over the course of time. Such a female might learn which male is a good mate by keeping track of the number of eggs she laid when associated with each male. Motor learning Learning about who is part of the family • e.g. in Java monkeys • also some species of social bees (hive scent is memorised) Learning and aggression • e.g. Gourami fish males fight repeated contests with other males Fig. 4.22 Males that had learned to associate a light with the presence of another male were more aggressive when the light cue was present. Fig. 4.23 Fig. 1.11 B Fig. 1.12 right d = deficient; b = balanced; A Fig. 1.12 left (left) Fig. 1.13 left Fig. 1.14 Summary • know about the kinds of behavioural/ecological contexts where learning is relevant