Download What is a Network Protocol?

BASIC NETWORK PROTOCOLS
AND
THEIR FUNCTIONS
Created by: Ghadeer H. Abosaeed
June 23,2012
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
 Students will be able to
a- list the network protocols, describe the functions of each protocol
and the differences between them.
NETWORK PROTOCOLS
 What is a Network Protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules that governs the communications
between computers on a network.These rules include guidelines
that regulate the following characteristics of a network: access
method, allowed physical topologies, types of cabling, and speed
of data transfer.
SOME TIPS OF NETWORK
PROTOCOLS
 Network protocols include mechanisms for devices to identify and
make connections with each other.
 Some protocols also support message acknowledgement and data
compression designed for reliable and/or high-performance network
communication.
 Hundreds of different computer network protocols have been
developed each designed for specific purposes and environments.
TYPES OF NETWORK PROTOCOLS
1- The Internet Protocol (IP) family contains a set of the most widely used
network protocols, including:
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
 File Transfer Protocol (FTP )
2- Ethernet protocol.
TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL
(TCP)
 On the Internet and many other networks, IP is often used together
with the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and referred to
interchangeably as TCP/IP.
 However, TCP/IP has become standard terminology to refer to either
or both of the protocols.
 The term TCP/IP refers to network communications where the TCP
transport is used to deliver data across IP networks.
 TCP/IP is the MAIN protocol of the internet. Popular also for intranets
using the internet. It is also widely used on many organizational
networks due to its flexibility and wide array of functionality provided.
Also, it enables computers to exchange data with each other in a
meaningful, organized, and efficient way.
USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL
(UDP)
 UDP is the main alternative to TCP and one of the oldest network
protocols in existence.
 UDP is often used in video conferencing applications or computer
games specially tuned for real-time performance.
 UDP allows individual packets to be dropped (with no retries) and UDP
packets to be received in a different order than they were sent as
dictated by the application.
UDP PROTOCOL
THE DIFFERENCES AMONG TCP & UDP
HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL
(HTTP)
 HTTP provides a standard for Web browsers and servers to
communicate.
 The definition of HTTP is a technical specification of a network
protocol that software must implement.
 HTTP is an application layer network protocol built on top of TCP.
 HTTP clients (such as Web browsers) and servers communicate via
HTTP request and response messages.
 The three main HTTP message types are GET, POST, and HEAD.
FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL
(FTP )
 FTP allows you to transfer files between two computers on the
Internet.
 FTP is a simple network protocol based on Internet Protocol and also a
term used when referring to the process of copying files when using
FTP technology.
 FTP supports two modes of data transfer: plain text (ASCII), and binary.
 A common error when using FTP is attempting to transfer a binary file
(such as a program or music file) while in text mode, causing the
transferred file to be unusable.
ETHERNET PROTOCOL
 The Ethernet protocol is by far the most widely used because it strikes
a good balance between speed, cost and ease of installation.
 Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area
networks (LANs).
 Ethernet uses an access method called CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense
Multiple Access/Collision Detection).
 Ethernet protocol allows for linear bus, star, or tree topologies. Data
can be transmitted over wireless access points, twisted pair, coaxial, or
fiber optic cable at a speed of 10 Mbps up to 1000 Mbps.
 The Institute for Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) defines the
Ethernet standard as IEEE Standard 802.3.
FAST ETHERNET
 To allow for an increased speed of transmission, the Ethernet protocol
has developed a new standard that supports 100 Mbps. This is
commonly called Fast Ethernet.
 Fast Ethernet requires the use of different, more expensive network
concentrators/hubs and network interface cards. In addition, category 5
twisted pair or fiber optic cable is necessary.
 Fast Ethernet is becoming common in schools that have been recently
wired.
REFERENCES
 protocol (network),
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkprotocols/g/protoc
ols.htm
 Basic Networking Tutorial, focus on Ethernet and Protocols,
http://www.techiwarehouse.com/cms/engine.php?page_id=d9e99
072
OTHER IMPORTANT RESOURCES
 Networking & Ethernet : Ethernet Protocols,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4nXjY5Ov64
 Computer Basics : What Is a Protocol?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cihC3oNXjI4&feature=relmfu
 Network Protocols,
http://compnetworking.about.com/od/networkprotocols/Network_
Protocols.htm