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DISCOVER ANCIENT EGYPT Ancient Egypt was one of the greatest civilizations of the past. The monuments and tombs of their Pharaohs continue to stand intact today, some 4,000 years later! Where is Egypt? Egypt is situated in the northeast corner of the Africa. A large river called the River Nile flows through the country into the Mediterranean Sea. The Nile enters Egypt from the Sudan and flows north to the sea. Where did the Ancient Egyptians live? The Ancient Egyptians lived along the banks of the river Nile in Egypt. Farmers first settled in Egypt along the River Nile around 5000 B.C. Many people still live in the Nile valley. River Nile The River Nile is vital to the Egyptians today and in the past. Egypt is made up of hot deserts and has little rainfall. Without the River Nile, the area would be entirely desert. All of Egypt relied on the Nile for water, food, and transportation. The Nile also gave the ancient Egyptians fertile land which helped them to grow their crops and raise their animals. 1|Page Rulers and People The Pharaoh was the absolute ruler of Egypt. The Pharaohs were regarded as gods by the Egyptians. They lived surrounded by immense luxury and wore fine clothes and costly jewellery. Some people were merchants and craftsmen. There were boat- builders, fishermen and servants. Egyptians were great builders and built tombs called pyramids. Clothes and Jewellery The weather is hot there so the clothes were quite thin. They were made of linen which came from a plant. Men wore a short tunic and women wore an ankle- length tunic. They wore cloaks in winter. Many Egyptians wore jewellery, especially rings and earrings. The rich wore beautiful headdresses. Some necklaces were in the shape of a scarab beetle. Boys had short hair shaved off with one lock of hair on the left side of the head. Writing and Language We have learned some things about the Egyptians from their writing. They carved or painted characters on monuments, walls and tombs. This picture writing was written on a type of paper called papyrus. Most Egyptians could not read or write so scribes were employed to carry out these tasks. Papyrus- the world’s very first paper made from the papyrus plant. 2|Page