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Food and Chemistry
Objectives
 Describe chemical properties.
 Name 3 most important elements to life.
 Explain how covalent, hydrogen, and ionic bonds are
formed.
 Define a molecule.
 Identify symbols for hydroxyl, amino, ammonia, methyl,
and carboxyl.
 Discussion oxidation-reduction reactions.
 Describe the two divisions of metabolism.
Elements
 The atom is
the smallest
unit of an
element that
still exhibits
the properties
of that
element.
Atoms consist of:
 Nucleus
 Protons
 Neutrons
 Electrons
Atomic Number
 The atomic number of an atom is the total
number of protons.
 The atomic weight of an atom is the total
number of protons plus neutrons.
 Chemical properties of an element are
determined by the number of electrons in
the outermost energy level of an atom.
Periodic Table of the Elements
Chemical Bonds
 Covalent bonds
 Hydrogen bonds


Ionic bonds
Van der Waals bonds
Ionic and Van Der Waals
 Van Der Waals
Bonds cont…
Bonds cont…
Molecules
 Molecules are the smallest identifiable unit into which a
pure substance can be divided and still retain the
composition and chemical properties of that substance.
Oxidation-Reduction
 Oxidation can be defined very simply as the addition of oxygen.
 Reduction can be defined as the removal of oxygen
 Rusting of metal
 Process of photography
 Life processes that produce or use energy
Metabolism
 Metabolism refers to all the chemical
reactions that occur in a living system.
Anabolism, or reactions involving the synthesis
of compounds.
Catabolism, or reactions involving the
breakdown of compounds.
Organic Chemistry
Chemical Symbols of Representations
Symbol
Represents
C
Carbon atom
H
Hydrogen atom
N
Nitrogen atom
O
Oxygen atom
OH
Hydroxyl (alcohol)
NH3
Ammonia
NH2
Amino group
CH3
Methyl group
COOH
Carboxyl (acid)
Organic Chemistry
 Carbon-containing molecules
 All carbon atoms have four bonds
 Each carbon can connect to:
Another carbon
A hydroxy
An amino group
An oxygen (double bond)
Common Hydroxy Acids
Reduction - Oxidation