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CHAIN OF INFECTION Infection control practices... • Prevent the spread of infection • Promote the health & safety of: – – – – patients co-workers yourself your significant others Infections may be... • Acute – short term – relatively severe course • Chronic – long-term – may last a lifetime (HBV, HIV) – may require treatment for acute infections 1 Infection may be... • Localized – confined to identified site – exhibit heat, redness, swelling & pain • Systemic (general) – involve the whole body – symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, etc. The signs & symptoms of infection are... • The body’s inflammatory response • The body’s second line of defense 2 Infectious agents are.. • Pathogens - disease causing organisms: – bacteria, fungi, viruses, & protozoa • Pathogenicity: – ability of microorganism to enter, survive in, & produce disease • Virulence: – how harmful the disease will be – severity of the infectious agent – colonization: microorganisms invade host & grow Reservoirs... • Anyplace an infectious agent can survive, grow, or multiply • plants, animals, soil, water, medical equipment • the human body is the most common reservoir • carrier - person who carries & can spread disease Portals of exit... • Path by which infectious agent leaves the reservoir: • body fluids • mouth & nose • cough • break chain of infection by covering mouth & nose with tissue • WASH HANDS 3 Modes of transmission... • Four methods of transmission: – contact: • direct (person to person) • indirect (object or surface) • droplet – airborne: longer distance over a greater time – ingestion of contaminated food or water – vector transmission: living creature, insects Portals of entry... • Path infectious agent enters host • Any opening in the body can be a portal or entry: – – – – – respiratory tract ears, eyes gastrointestinal tract genitourinary tract broken skin Hosts... • Barriers to infection compromised • Immunocompromised • Level of susceptibility depends upon: – – – – – age: infants & elderly at greatest risk nutritional status stress environment pre-existing conditions 4 Break the chain of infection! 5