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Name ________________________________________________________________________ Period ______
Project: Civilizations of the Americas - Use your textbook chapters 11 & 12 (pages 362-417),
to answer all the questions about the civilizations of the Americas and complete the activities.
The Olmec Civilization
1. In their daily life, most Olmec were ____________________________ or ____________________________
2. The Olmec villagers main task was to produce food for all. List the crops that they grew:
a) _______________________________________ b) _______________________________________
c) _______________________________________ d) _______________________________________
They caught or hunted three different things, name them a) _______________________________________
b) _______________________________________ c) _______________________________________
3. A steady food supply meant that some people could focus on other tasks. Some Olmecs became:
a) _______________________________________ b) _______________________________________
c) _______________________________________ d) _______________________________________
4. The Olmec worshiped several gods. What was their chief god? _____________________________________
5. How did the Olmec influence other cultures? ___________________________________________________
6. List the five things that were mainly traded/ exchanged. a) _______________________________________
b) _______________________________________ c) _______________________________________
d) _______________________________________ e) _______________________________________
7. The Olmec carved huge stone heads. Each head
has a flat face, thick lips and staring eyes. Use
the whole space to the right of this question
to draw and color an Olmec stone head. →
8. The Olmec made these heads out of volcanic
rock, called basalt. The Olmec transported
these huge rocks from quarries more than
50 miles away. How were the Olmec able to
accomplish this task?
_____________________________________
9. The Olmec civilization was considered the _______________________________________ of Mesoamerica.
The Mayan Civilization
1. Mayan society consisted of four broad social classes. Name them:
a) _______________________________________ b) _______________________________________
c) _______________________________________ d) _______________________________________
2. Which social class made up the vast majority of the population? ____________________________________
3. The most important crop of the Mayan farmers was ______________________________________________
4. Mayan farmers had to use a variety of techniques to grow their crops in different areas.
In the rain forests, they used __________________________________________________________________
In the highlands, they ________________________________________________________________________
In drier areas, they __________________________________________________________________________
5. Some foods were reserved only for nobility, name one of them _____________________________________
6. Mayans worshiped more than ___________ gods. The main god was called ___________________________
7. The Mayans built more than 40 cities, including:
a) _______________________________________
b) _______________________________________ c) _______________________________________
d) _______________________________________ e) _______________________________________
Mayan cities were notable for their magnificent architecture. Each city contained:
a) _______________________________________ b) _______________________________________
c) _______________________________________ d) _______________________________________
8. He ruled Palenque for nearly 70 years, known as one of the greatest Mayan kings ______________________
9. The Mayans developed a mathematical system based on the number _________________________________
10. By using their math system, the Maya made great advances in ____________________________________
11. The Maya also used mathematics to produce a very accurate ______________________________________
12. What caused the downfall of the Mayan civilization? ____________________________________________
Mayan Math Activity
Use the Mayan number symbols to answer the following questions.
1. What do you think the Mayan symbol would be for the number 30? _________________________________
2. What do you think the Mayan symbol would be for the number 40? _________________________________
3. What do you think the Mayan symbol would be for the number 79? _________________________________
Rewrite and solve the following problems using Mayan numbers.
4. 19 + 6 =
5. 14 − 6 =
6. 4 x 7 =
7. 24 ÷ 2 =
8. 27 ÷ 9 ÷ 3 =
9. 6 x 5 + 8 =
Use the map below to map all the following.
Color the box in the key area at the bottom of
the page and the area on the map for the
following Civilizations.
Empires:
1. Olmec
2. Mayan
Locate the following areas on the map.
1. Yucatán Peninsula
2. Include a compass rose on your map
to show directions (N, S, E, W)
Locate the following cities on the map.
1. Tres Zapotes
2. La Venta
3. San Lorenzo
4. Palenque
5. Bonampak
6. Copán
7. Tikal
8. Chichén Itzá
9. Uxmal
You must color all uncolored/unlabeled land light yellow
Identify all the following bodies of water on the map.
You must color all water blue
1. Pacific Ocean
2. Gulf of Mexico
3. Caribbean Sea
Map of the Olmec and Mayan Empires
KEY:
Olmec Civilization 1200 B.C. - 400 B.C.
Mayan Civilization 1500 B.C. - 900 A.D.
The Aztecs
1. What people ruled the Valley of Mexico before the Aztecs arrived __________________________________
2. The Aztecs built a city called ____________________________________ on a small island in a large lake.
What present day city is in the same place? ____________________________________________________
3. Explain how the Aztecs were able to farm with all the swampy land that surrounded the city.
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Chinampas allowed the Aztecs to grow crops such as
a) _______________________________________
b) _______________________________________ c) _______________________________________
5. List the two things that the Aztecs were able to do that led to the building of their empire:
a) _____________________________________________________________________________________
b) _____________________________________________________________________________________
6. From the peoples they conquered the Aztecs demanded ___________________________________________
7. Three main classes formed Aztec society. Name them.
a) _______________________________________
b) _______________________________________ c) _______________________________________
Merchants and skilled artisans made up which class? _____________________________________________
8. Aztec life was dominated by _________________________________
The Aztec religion was based mainly on the worship of ___________________________________________
The Aztecs believed in about _____________________ gods.
9. What Spanish explorer’s arrival led to the fall of the Aztec Empire? _________________________________
10. List three things that led the Spanish to victory over the Aztecs.
a) ____________________________________________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________________________________________________
c) ____________________________________________________________________________________
The Inca
1. What was the capital of the Incan Empire? _____________________________________________________
2. What was the language of the Incans? _________________________________________________________
3. By 1500, the Incan Empire extended 2,500 miles; it included parts of six present-day countries? Name them
a) _______________________________________ b) _______________________________________
c) _______________________________________ d) _______________________________________
e) _______________________________________ f) _______________________________________
About how many people lived in the Incan Empire in 1500? _______________________________________
4. What made farming difficult for the Incans in the Andes Mountains?
________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What two things did the Incan farmers do to get the most out of their land?
a) _____________________________________________________________________________________
b) _____________________________________________________________________________________
6. The two most common Incan crops were _________________________ and _________________________
7. Incan society had two main groups, ____________________________ and ___________________________
What three different jobs did the commoners have
a) _______________________________________
b) _______________________________________ c) _______________________________________
8. The most important Incan god was _______________________ the god of ___________________________.
9. How big was the Incan army? _______________________________________________________________
10. List three fields in which the Incans made advances during the more than 100 years they ruled the territory.
a) ____________________________________________________________________________________
b) ____________________________________________________________________________________
c) ____________________________________________________________________________________
11. What Spanish explorer’s arrival led to the fall of the Incan Empire? ________________________________
Incan Road System and Chasquis
1. The Incans were gifted builders and built a huge network of highways. About how many miles of roads
crisscrossed the empire? ___________________________________________________________________
2. When constructing their roads, how did the Incas deal with hills? ___________________________________
3. When constructing their roads, how did the Incas deal with rivers? __________________________________
4. Define chasquis __________________________________________________________________________
5. How far did each chasqui run before passing their message to another? ______________________________
6. What was the usual message that messengers carried? ____________________________________________
7. What did each chasqui do to let the next runner know he was coming? _______________________________
8. About how far could messages travel in a day? __________________________________________________
Use the map below to map all the following.
Color the box in the key area to show:
1. Incan road
2. Inca n Empire
Locate the following cities on the map.
1. Chan Chan
2. Cuzco
Locate the following areas on the map.
KEY:
1. Andes Mountains - label and mark with Λ Λ Λ
2. Pacific Ocean (color all water blue)
3. Include a compass rose on your map to show directions (N,S,E,W)
You must color all uncolored/unlabeled land light yellow
Incan Road
Incan empire
Use the map below to map all the following.
Color the box in the key area at the bottom of
the page and the area on the map for the
following empires.
Empires:
1. Aztec
2. Inca
You must color all uncolored/unlabeled land light green
Locate the following areas on the map.
1. Andes Mountains - label and mark with Λ Λ Λ
2. Include a compass rose on your map
to show directions (N, S, E, W)
Locate the following cities on the map.
1. Tenochtitlán
2. Cuzco
3. Macchu Picchu
4. Chan Chan
Identify the bodies of water on the map.
You must color all water blue
1. Pacific Ocean
2. Atlantic Ocean
3. Caribbean Sea
4. Gulf of Mexico
5. Lake Titicaca
Map of the Aztec and Incan Empires
KEY:
Aztec empire
Incan empire
Critical Thinking and Inference Questions - Chapter 11: Using your knowledge, your understanding of
cause and effect and your ability to make inferences answer the following questions.
Use all the lines provided to answer the following questions. You must use every line for each question.
* You must use complete sentences for all answers! *
1. How did social classes develop in Mesoamerica? ________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How do you think the social classes of the Maya helped to keep order in their society?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What was the relationship between religion and politics for the Maya?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What farming methods did Mesoamericans use? ______________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. What impact did Olmec culture have on Mesoamerica? ________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. In what ways was the life of Mayan nobles different from the life of Mayan peasants?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
7. What type of human-made structures were often found in Mesoamerica? _____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Critical Thinking and Inference Questions - Chapter 12: Using your knowledge, your understanding of
cause and effect and your ability to make inferences answer the following questions.
Use all the lines provided to answer the following questions. You must use every line for each question.
* You must use complete sentences for all answers! *
1. In what ways do you think religion made it easy or difficult for the Aztecs to rule their empire?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How important was religion in the daily life of the Inca? __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Why do you think the Inca made conquered peoples adopt the Inca religion? __________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
4. What factors contributed to the fall of the Aztec empire? __________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
5. How important was the road system to life in the Incan empire? ____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. How was daily life in the Incan empire different from that in the Aztec empire? _______________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________