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Cell Diversity- Cell Reference Guide
Eukaryotes
 Unicellular and multicellular organisms
 Cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus
 Often specialized functions
1. Paramecium- Unicellular Protist
***The paramecium uses a contractile
vacuole to take in and get rid of excess
water. Cilia are slender, microscopic,
hair-like structures or organelles that
extend from the surface of the
paramecium; the cilia are used for
movement of the paramecium. The
oral groove is where food is ingested.
Once the food is ingested, it is digested
in the food vacuole and let out through
the anal pore.
2. Amoeba- Unicellular Protist
**The Amoeba uses pseudopods to move
and eat! There are numerous
microfilaments made of protein at the
edge of the cell membrane that allow the
amoeba to extend itself forward while
streaming cytoplasm into the newly
formed pseudopod. Amoeba can pull
themselves along and also surround and
engulf food items with their pseudopods.
Eukaryotes Continued
3. Lettuce Guard Cells- Multicellular Plant
**The stoma allows gases like O2 and CO2
to move in and out of the leaf. These
gases are needed for respiration and
photosynthesis. Water fills the vacuoles
and opens the pore (stoma). When
water leaves the guard cells,
microfilaments thicken the cell walls and
close the stoma.
5. Onion – Multicellular Plant
6. Potato- Multicellular Plant
Potatoes are the underground tuber used
for energy storage in the potato plant. The
cells contain amyloplasts which are storage
structure for macromolecules. You will add
a solution to determine whether potatoes
store sugars or starches.
Amyloplast
7. Human Nerve Cell – Multicellular Animal
**Nerve cells have different shapes
depending on where they are found.
Many differ in the length of the axon,
terminals, and dendrites. Nerve cells line
up or connect to form webs to transmit
chemical messages to one another.
Messages are received by the dendrites
and transmitted along the axon to the
terminals. The terminals of one cell
interact with terminals of another cell to
keep the signal moving.
8. Human Cheek Cell- Multicellular Animal
** The inside of your cheek differs from
the outside of your cheek in that the cells
found INSIDE of your cheek lack keratin.
This difference makes the cells on the
outside of your cheek dry and rigid (think
protection!) while the inside of your
mouth is moist and pliable. The secretory
granules in your cheek cells are
genetically programed to produce the
“mucous membrane” that keeps your
mouth, throat, nose, esophagus, and
trachea wet. They also secrete amylase,
which begin carbohydrate digestion.