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Transcript
Class Dialogue – Discussing the Atomic Bombs • Rationale: Students will debate the decision to drop the atomic bombs, demonstrating informed opinions regarding these events. • Student participation is worth five points. ____ 2 pts. - The students effectively presented the information, fulfilling the requirements of the assignment, and were able to be involved in an informed class discussion. ____ 3 pts. - The students had their stance, for or against, along with supporting points of information. Selection from “Unbroken” • For discussion … - [1] How did the auxiliary fuel tank make the B-24 such an asset in the Pacific Theater of War? - [2] Why was the B-24 called “the Flying Coffin?” - Mechanical difficulties mentioned … - Training accidents for crewmen … Pacific Theater of War Battle of Saipan - June 15 to July 9 1944 * Can now launch attacks against Tokyo using new B-29 Bombers, “the Super fortress” * These attacks last from November 17, 1944, and lasted until August 15, 1945 * Also, now Japanese citizens commit suicide Battle of Leyte / Leyte Gulf - Leyte, 17 October 1944 - 1 July 1945 - Leyte Gulf, Oct. 23-26, 1944 * Invasion of the Philippines begins, the destruction of Japanese Navy complete, and beginning of kamikaze attacks Philippines Campaign - Jan. to March, 1945 * Largest U.S. force committed to one battle in Pacific and the Philippine Islands are reclaimed. The Raid on Cabanatuan - Jan. 28 to 30, 1945 - The “Great Raid” - 511 POW’s, largely from the Battles of Bataan and Corregidor to prevent their execution by the Japanese The Raid on Cabanatuan “Paced by two teams of Alamo Scouts that would leave Guimba [General Krueger’s Headquarters] twenty-four hours in advance to reconnoiter the camp, a force of more than a hundred Rangers would march a circuitous route of about thirty miles (all of it through Japanese-controlled territory), sneak up to the stockade under a cover of darkness, kill some 250 Japanese soldiers inside the stockade, collect 511 feeble, bewildered, ill, and in some cases, immobile prisoners, and shepherd them back to American lines” (Breuer, 149 – William Breuer, The Great Raid on Cabanatuan). European Theater of War After D-Day … • Battle of the Hedgerows – ends on July 25, 1944 • Hobart’s Funnies – many prototypes used to advance through terrain in Normandy Sherman Tank w/ Churchill ARK Churchill Crocodile Transit Churchill AVRE Churchill ARK Supply Issues – LST & LCVP LCVP – Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel LST – Landing Ship Tank Battle of the Bulge Dec. 16, 1944 to Jan 25, 1945 - “Operation Watch on the Rhine” – - Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein (in German) - Battle of the Ardennes * Final German offensive in WWII, with an initially successful blitzkrieg, but then after a successful Allied counter-offensive, Germans have few tanks & planes left Vistula–Oder Offensive - Jan. 12 to Feb. 22, 1945 - Soviet Offensive covers 300 miles from Vistula River in U.S.S.R. to 43 miles from Berlin Battle of Berlin - April 20 to May 2, 1945 - Soviet Union takes Berlin, Hitler commits suicide, and Germany surrenders the city Battle of Iwo Jima - Feb. to March, 1945 - Establish closer air strips to Japan, allowing Iwo Jima to be used as a safe-haven for bombing runs upon Japan’s major cities. Battle of Okinawa - April to June, 1945 - Bloodiest battle in the Pacific Theater. - Nothing stopping American advance. - Japanese civilian suicides and kamikaze attacks. Battle of Okinawa - April to June, 1945 - Mass Japanese civilian suicides - Traditional Ideas: Bushido Code and “Seppuku” Conventional Bombing & Potsdam - Conventional Bombing Campaign over Japan - Crazy number of bombs & destruction - Potsdam Declaration ** July 26, 1945 - No more “world conquest” - Occupation of Japan - Support democracy - Disarm military - Prosecuting war criminals - Sustain economy - Withdrawal once established a - Threatened “utter “peacefully inclined and destruction” responsible government” How did WW II really come to an abrupt end? • On August 6, 1945 Hiroshima, Japan • On August 9, 1945 Nagasaki, Japan • The Atomic Bombs were never used before, and have never been used since.