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Chapter 4
Body Systems
6th Grade Science
How is the body organized?
• The human body is made up of more than __
75
trillion cells.
living
• Every cell is part of a __________
unit which
makes up the body.
• Cells work together and depend on each other
to keep the body’s internal conditions in
_______.
balance
• ___________processes
take place in the cells
Chemical
to maintain internal conditions.
Chemical Processes in Cells
• Important life processes can only occur in the
cells at a particular temperature range 37˚ C (98.6˚ F)
___________.
• Cells in different parts of the body work
together to maintain this internal _________.
temperature
• Cells are ___________
in a way that makes
organized
them efficient.
• Approximately _______
cells could cover the
10,000
head of a pin.
Levels of Organization
• All cells are made up of the same basic
structure (same basic parts).
_______
• Each cell is adapted to perform a very specific
________.
function
• Cells are organized by the ________
that they
function
perform.
• Similar cells that work together to perform a
particular function in the body make up
tissues
_______.
Cells, Tissues, Organs
• Cells that can ________,
contract or shorten make up
________
tissues
muscle
• Cells that carry ________
messages from one cell to
another make up ________
tissue.
nerve
• The ________
is made up of _______
tissue.
brain
nerve
• When two or more tissues work together they
organ
form an _________.
• Example: Your heart is an ______
that is made up
organ
tissues (muscle,
of many different types of ______.
nerve)
Organ Systems
•
•
•
•
Cells are organized to form ___________.
tissues
Tissues are organized to form _________.
organs
Organs are organized to form _____________.
Organ systems
Examples of organ systems:
Circulatory
– ______________
Digestive
– ______________
Endocrine
– ______________
Excretaory
– ______________
Immune
– ______________
Muscular
_______________
Nervous
_______________
Reproductive
_______________
Respiratory
_______________
Skeletal
________________
System
Function
Circulatory
Transports oxygen, nutrients, and cell
wastes
Digestive
Breaks down foods into a form that the
body can use
Endocrine
Controls internal conditions. Growth,
development, and reproduction
Excretory
Removes wastes from the blood
Immune
Defends the body against pathogens
Muscular
Allows body movement and movement of
substances within the body
Nervous
Controls the body movement, thought
and behavior
Reproductive
Produces sex cells and offspring
Respiratory
Provides the oxygen and removes gas
wastes from the blood
Skeletal
Provides body protection and support;
interacts with muscles to allow movement
Example: The Heart
muscle cells that have
• The heart is made up of _______
many __________
mitochondria to provide energy for the hart
to beat constantly.
• The arrangement of muscle cells in the heart
tissues
form heart ________
which allows the heart to
contract and relax as it beats.
organ
• The heart itself is an _________
which is made up
of muscle tissues, tissues that provide support
and protection, and tissues that form its blood
vessels.
Blood cells
• ______
blood cells carry oxygen throughout the
Red
body so that all cells can carry out life functions.
White
• ________
blood cells help to fight diseasecausing invaders that attack the body.
• Although each person is unique, the structure
and function of the cells, tissues, and organ are
similar in some ways.
• These similarities enable other human beings to
donate blood and entire organs.
Skeletal system
• Bones are ________
that make up the make up
organs
the skeletal system.
• Bones are made up of living ________,
as well as
tissues
minerals
non-living _________
that are deposited by bone
________.
cells
The functions of the skeletal system:
Provides support
1. ____________
Protects organs
2. _______________
Makes new blood cells
3. _________________
Stores important minerals
4. ___________________
Parts of the Bone
• Parts of the bone:
1. Thin, tough outer covering on the surface of the bone
tissue
is living __________.
Blood vessels in the bone carry blood which supplies
2. ___________
materials that none cells need. Blood also removes
wastes that bone cells produce.
______
3. _________
Compact bone is the hardest material in the human
body, except for tooth enamel – it is made up of
Boney tubes
__________.
4. _______
Spongy bone tissue makes the bone lightweight.
Red Marrow in the spongy bone makes new
5. __________
Red blood cells
_______________.
marrow stores fat.
6. Yellow
__________
- As your body grows from an infant to an adult,
cartilage
the __________
(flexible material) is
replaced by hard ________.
bone
-__________
and __________
make up the
Cartilage
bone
skeletal system
important organs
Skull, ribcage, and back bone - Protect
______________
Calcium and phosphorous
Bones store minerals such as _______________
Minerals in the Bones
released
• Minerals are __________
from the bone as
the body needs them
Calcium and phosphorus make bones hard and
• _________________
strong.
calcium
• As people grow older, they lose _______
in
their bones. The bones become weakened
and can break easily. This is known as
osteoporosis
_______________.
Joints
• A __________is
a place where two bones
joint
meet.
cartilage
• Flexible ___________
covers and protects the
bone
ends of bones at ___________.
shape
• The _______
of cartilage surfaces and the way
they fit together determines the _________
a
direction
joint can move.
• Strong cords of tissue called ________
ligaments
connect the bones in each joint
Muscular system
muscles allow
• Bones support the body while ______
you to move.
600
• _________
muscles in the body make up
about ________
of your body weight.
40-50%
• Muscles and tissues that attach tem to the
bone make up the _______________.
Muscular system
3
• The body has _____
types of muscle tissues.
3 Types of Muscles
• 1. _________
Muscle – muscle tissue in your
Cardiac
heart. Contracts without getting tired.
Smooth
• 2. __________
Muscle – found in the organs
of the digestive system and blood vessels.
• Cardiac and Smooth Muscles are
INVOLUNTARY!! They work automatically to
control movements inside your body.
• 3. _________Muscles
– voluntary muscles
Skeletal
that move your arms and legs
Movement
• All muscles can contract but only ________
skeletal
muscles are responsible for ___________.
movement
Bones
• ________
and _______
work together to
muscles
move your body.
bone
• Muscles attach to opposite sides of a ______
at a ____.
When one muscle contracts and
joint
pulls the bone, the opposite muscle relaxes.
Movement results in the direction of the
pulling muscle