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Transcript
LAYERS OF THE EARTH Assignment #39 EARTH’S LAYERS How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg? Shell = crust Layers (yolk,egg white) Limitations? Make a model of the Layers of the Earth Using paper, make a pie-shaped piece to resemble the Earth. On the front, label the following: Inner core Outer core Lower Mantle Asthenosphere Lithosphere (includes Crust) Outside of Foldable Lithosphere Asthenosphere Asthenosphere Lower Mantle Mantle Outer Core Inner Core On the inside, we will put the following for each layer of the Earth: State of matter Elements Temperature Other Outside of Foldable Lithosphere Asthenosphere Asthenosphere Lower Mantle Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Lithosphere (part of mantle, includes the crust) Asthenosphere (part of mantle) Mantle Outer core Inner core Inner Core The center layer What is the state of matter? solid What elements make up the inner core? Fe (Iron) and Ni (Nickel) Temperature? 5000° C Deepest layer, so…. greatest pressure Inner core • Solid • Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe) • 5000° C Outer Core The next layer after the inner core What is the state of matter? liquid What elements make up the inner core? Fe (Iron) and Ni (Nickel) Temperature? 2200° C Other? Due to flow of liquid metal, this gives Earth its magnetic field. Outer core • Liquid • Nickel (Ni) and Iron (Fe) • 2200° C • Magnetic Field Circulation of molten metal within Earth’s core helps to create a magnetic field. As a result, Earth has an immense magnetic field surrounding it, just as there is a magnetic field around a bar magnet. Why is the inner core a solid and the outer core a liquid? The core of our Earth is tremendously hot. It is believed to have a temperature of 7,000° C. Pressure keeps the inner core a solid, but allows the outer core to be a melted, liquid state. What 2 things increase as you travel towards the Earth’s center? Lithosphere Asthenosphere Asthenosphere Lower Mantle Mantle Outer Core Inner Core NOTE: In your journal, write what you see in red. This goes next to the foldable. Mantle What is the state of matter? solid What elements make up the mantle? Mg (Magnesium), Fe (Iron), Si (Silicon), and O (Oxygen) Temperature? 870° C Lower Mantle • solid • Mg (Magnesium), Fe (Iron), Si (Silicon), & O (Oxygen) • 870° C Asthenosphere • The asthenosphere is just below the lithosphere. • It is the upper part of the mantle. • The asthenosphere is rock that flows slowly, like hot asphalt or peanut butter. Asthenosphere • Upper layer of the mantle. • What is the state of matter? Plastic, flows like peanut butter • Magma • Convection Currents! Asthenosphere • plastic • Mg (Magnesium), Fe (Iron), Si (Silicon), & O (Oxygen) • magma • convection currents Lithosphere solid • What is the state of matter? • Includes the crust and a little of the upper mantle. The outermost layer of our Earth is called the crust. • What elements make up the crust? O (Oxygen) and Si (Silicon) • Lava, mountains, water, least pressure, coolest Outside of Foldable Crust (solid) Lithosphere O (Oxygen) & Si (Silicon) Asthenosphere Lower Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Color a thin line on the outside of the foldable (top of Lithosphere) to represent the crust (shown in red here). Outside of Foldable Lithosphere Asthenosphere Lower Mantle Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Outside of Foldable Crust (solid) O (Oxygen) & Si (Silicon) Lithosphere Asthenosphere Lower Mantle Mantle Outer Core Inner Core