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Name: Date: School: Facilitator: 6.01 Notes Guide “Washington’s New Government” Answer the 6.01 Notes Guide as you review the lesson. Submit your completed work to the 6.01 Notes Guide Dropbox. Intro: Analyze the image. What are the men doing? What are some possible reasons for their conflict? Do you consider yourself a Democrat, Republican, or Independent? Can you imagine being at odds with someone from another political party that it led to fighting, even a fight to the death? I. Opposing Political Views President George Washington led a new government with a new Constitution into the 1790s. During his two terms in office, Washington had important decisions to make that were critical to the success of the new nation. One vital issue was the debate that continued between Federalists and Antifederalists over the proper role of the government. Despite Washington’s warnings, the conflicting views over the Constitution would lead to the establishment of groups. A. Alexander Hamilton’s Economic Policies , the Secretary of Treasury, was a major player in the debate over the size and role of the federal government. He proposed a complicated plan for the American economy that would expand government’s role in directing the economy. In 1790, Congress approved Hamilton’s debt plan which called for the national government to take on each state’s revolutionary war debts. His plan also included locating the nation’s capital to . to appease southerners. Hamilton’s plan was controversial due to the huge new federal debt that would be owed to European banks, American merchants, and speculators. However, he knew the debts would basically create long-term investments in the U.S. government for the creditors. In other words, the people who we owed money to would now have a financial interest in making sure the U.S. government was successful. In 1791, Congress placed a tax on whiskey, and later created a into the country, to raise money to pay the new national debts. or tax, on foreign goods imported B. The Bank of the United States Congress established the to handle the complicated financial matters set forth in Alexander Hamilton’s plan for the economy. “The 1790s saw debate over the establishment of a National Bank, the National Debt, and the location of the national capital. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson, members of George Washington's Cabinet, advanced differing views on these issues.” C. Jefferson Opposes Hamilton Many Americans did not like the new taxes and federal interference in state affairs. They regarded Hamilton’s policy as an attack on the hard-fought liberty of the people. , the Secretary of State, opposed Hamilton’s plan and general views of government. In 1793, Jefferson resigned as Secretary of State because President Washington often sided with Hamilton on most issues. Jefferson believed that Hamilton and his Federalists followers were betraying the principles fought for in the American Revolution. D. Loose vs. Strict Interpretation Hamilton and Jefferson differed greatly on their , or view, of the Constitution. Hamilton favored a , or the belief that the government can do anything that the Constitution does not say it cannot do. He viewed the Constitution as a loose framework of laws for the government to use to build the nation. Jefferson preferred a , the belief that government should not do anything that is not specifically stated in the Constitution. 1791: Conflicting Views on the Role of the Federal Government - “Hamilton was a federalist. Jefferson and Madison were Democratic-Republicans and wanted the federal government to take a small role in people’s lives.” E. Political Parties Form Jefferson and many state leaders who were critics of the Federalists were called or Jeffersonian Republicans because they stood for a more democratic republic. They even promoted resistance to the Federalist and encouraged attacks on the Washington administration. The Democratic-Republicans and the Federalists made up the first political parties in the United States. A is a group of voters organized to win elections in order to control policies of government. 1791-1792: First Political Parties Are Formed, Bill of Rights Approved “Federalists wanted federal government to play a large role, while the Democratic-Republicans favored a small role for federal government.” II. Washington’s Presidency President George Washington dealt with many domestic and foreign policy issues that were critical to the success of the new nation. at times he had to enforce laws that were not popular among the American people, and he decided to keep America out of a war with Britain and France that might have jeopardized the stability of the infant nation. None of these decisions were easy, and none were without controversy. A. Domestic Policy Issues As president, Washington had a number of domestic issues to deal with including growing opposition to Hamilton’s economic program. The tax on whiskey was a blow to farmers in Pennsylvania who relied on whiskey as the only corn product that could be transported to market without spoiling. The , similar to Shays’ Rebellion, resulted when rebels closed courts and attacked tax collectors in opposition to the whiskey tax. Washington organized a strong show of military force to stop the rebellion and to communicate to the entire nation that the new government was serious about enforcing its laws. The Whiskey Rebellion Video “During the Whiskey Rebellion, farmers opposed a federal tax on whiskey with violence and Washington responded by sending troops.” B. Foreign Policy Issues Washington had a host of major foreign policy decisions to make that threatened the security of the new nation. Shortly after his election, the , inspired by the American cry for liberty, started in an attempt to overthrow the French monarchy. In the midst of the French Revolution, France declared war on Great Britain. The U.S. had a strong relationship with both countries. Washington declared neutrality to avoid getting involved in a war. In spite of our neutrality, the British attacked U.S. ships and , or captured, American sailors. The U.S. eventually settled these issues with Britain in a treaty known as Jay's Treaty, 1794 “John Jay’s treaty with Britain led to undeclared war between France and the United States.” . C. Washington’s Farewell Address Washington's strong and able leadership successfully steered the country through the first difficult years of its creation and helped to ensure its success for future generations. However, Washington chose not to run for a third term, another he set among many such as being called “ ”. In his , Washington warned against many things, including: competing , sectionalism, the dangers of with foreign nations, and national debt. Furthermore, he stressed the importance of unity, a balanced federal budget, and religion and morality to prosperity of the nation. Washington’s Farewell “Federalists and members of the newly formed Republican Party debate American relations with France in lieu of the French Revolution. George Washington retires from the presidency after two terms and, in his Farewell Address, stresses his belief in a strong central government.” Submit your completed work to the 6.01 Notes Guide Dropbox.