Download US History Chapter 6

U.S. History
Chapter 6
Higher Order Thinking Skills
Homework
1.
Explain how the United States confronted the
difficult task of forming a new government.
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What was the significance of the Judiciary Act
of 1789?
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It established a judicial system in the United States by creating
the Supreme Court and the lower Federal Courts.
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What departments comprised the nation’s first
Cabinet?
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Secretary of State – Thomas Jefferson
Secretary of War – Henry Knox
Secretary of the Treasury – Alexander Hamilton
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3.
Describe how political differences
evolved into a two-party system.
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What were the main differences between Federalists
and the Democratic-Republicans?
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Federalists – Strong Central Government, Loose Interpretation of
the Constitution, distrusted the common man (restricted voting
rights), favored Great Britain in foreign policy matters.
Dem.-Rep.s – Weak Central Government, Strict interpretation of
the Constitution, believed the common man was the cornerstone
of democracy (increased voting rights), favored France in foreign
policy matters.
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What prompted the Whiskey Rebellion and how did it
end?
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The excise tax on Whiskey and the Corn Farmers’ call for
secession.
Washington and Hamilton led an army into Pennsylvania to
demonstrate the Federal government’s intent to enforce its laws.
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4.
Summarize the nation’s developing
foreign policy with France, Great
Britain, and Spain.
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What was America’s reaction to the French
Revolution?
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The nation was divided between political parties over support or
opposition to sending aid. George Washington proclaimed a
policy of neutrality, angering the French.
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What was the result of Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain?
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American agriculture and fur industry gained access to the Port of
New Orleans and the Mississippi River, greatly increasing the
profits of their trade.
2.
Show how the political ideas of
Hamilton and Jefferson differed.
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What were the differences between Hamilton’s and
Jefferson’s views of government?
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Hamilton supported a government by the wealthy elite (did not
trust the common man).
Jefferson supported a small government run by the common man
(did not trust the wealthy elite).
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What were the main components of Hamilton’s
economic plan?
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Assuming the debts of the States, invoking an excise tax on
Whiskey, and creating a National Bank (Bank of the U.S.)
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How did the nation’s capital come to be located in
Washington D.C.?
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It was a trade-off, the southern states would support Hamilton’s
debt plan in exchange for moving the Capital from New York City
to a new, more southern site.
5.
Explain how the United States dealt with
Native Americans and with British interests
west of the Appalachians.
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What were the causes and consequences of the Battle
of Fallen Timbers?
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The Native Americans in the Ohio Territory never gave up claim to
that land. After two major defeats, General Anthony Wayne was
sent to the region and defeated the Natives at the Battle of Fallen
Timbers, ending Native American resistence in Ohio.
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What was the outcome of Jay’s Treaty?
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Angered American fur traders in the Ohio Territory. It allowed the
British to maintain forts and trade posts on American soil.
6.
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Identify some of the deep divisions
between Federalists and Republicans.
How did the election of 1796 underscore the growing danger of
sectionalism?
There was a clear division in the nation between north and south
demonstrated by the votes of the Electoral college.
What was the XYZ Affair?
French demanded a bribe before allowing American delegates to
negotiate for the sovereignty of American shipping, a strong sign
of the disrespect shown to the new republic.
What was the purpose of the Alien and Sedition Acts?
To silence criticism of John Adams’s stance on neutrality and to
drive out the “foreign” influence that was infiltrating America.
What was the theory of nullification?
The concept that a state government could override Federal Laws
if that state deemed the law unjust, a clear violation of Federalism.
7.
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Identify some of the significant changes
brought about during the early years of
Jefferson’s Presidency.
How was the Presidential election of 1800 decided?
By the House of Representatives, Alexander Hamilton
convinced enough Federalists to vote for Jefferson that
he would become President.
How did the outcome of the election lead to the
passage of the Twelfth Amendment?
It showed a major flaw in the electoral system and
resulted in the Electoral College casting separate
votes for President and Vice President.
8.
Provide examples of the declining
power of the Federalists.
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How did Jefferson simplify the Presidency?
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He cut the size of the Army, halted the planned expansion of the
Navy, and cut costs for White House social functions. He also cut
all internal taxation and lessened the influence of the Bank of the
United States.
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What factors led to the decline of the Federalist Party?
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Jefferson’s shrinking of the influence of the Federal Government,
the Federalist refusal to partake in campaigning (they were too
good to appeal to the common man), expansion led to a growth in
the power of the commoner (who obviously voted Dem.-Rep.).
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What was the principle of Judicial Review?
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The ability of the Supreme Court to rule an Act of Congress
unconstitutional (established by the Supreme Court in the case of
Marbury v. Madison)
9.
Summarize the importance of the Louisiana
Purchase and the Lewis and Clark
Expedition.
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How did America gain the Louisiana Territory?
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A revolution in Haiti caused the French to offer a sale
of the Territory, Jefferson (realizing the benefit of
acquiring the Port of New Orleans) jumped on the
purchase.
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What parts of the country did Lewis and Clark
explore?
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From St. Louis to the Pacific Coast, through what is
today known as the Great Plains and Rocky
Mountains.
10. Explain the events that led to the War of
1812.
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What British activities angered Americans?
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Violations of the “Freedom of the Seas” Doctrine
(Impressment and the Chesapeake Incident), Their
arming of the Native Americans (British Rifles found at
the Battle of Tippecanoe)
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For what reasons did the Americans and the
Shawnee tribe clash?
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Over the perceived theft of 3 million acres of tribal land
by Government William Henry Harrison of Indiana.
11. Summarize the course of the war.
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Why did the Americans meet with military failure in Canada?
The Army was unprepared for War, the British were in a position
of strength in Canada, also the Native Americans fought with the
British in hopes of regaining some of their lost lands.
What role did Andrew Jackson play in the war?
He crushed Native American military power in the South, then
defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans (which occurred
after the war was, technically, over).
What were the provisions of the Treaty of Ghent?
Declared an armistice that ended the fighting in the War of 1812
Did not address Freedom of the Seas (impressment or neutral
shipping rights)
Many of the issues that caused the war would be dealt with in
later Treaties.