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2560 B.C.E. Great Pyramid at Giza
605 BCE Hanging Gardens of Babylon
Built at the height of Babylonian power under King
Nebucannezar, the mythical pyramid was one of the
seven wonders of the Ancient World
One of the only seven wonders of the world still
standing, the Great pyramid is the largest of all
pyramids in Egypt and was built by the Old
Kingdom pharaoh known as Khufu as his eternal
resurrection tomb
1250 B.C. E. Phoenician Culture at its Peak
2470 BCE Great Pyramids at Giza
Phoenician maritime traders become dominant in the
Mediterranean. Their primary goods are cedar wood, glass,
and purple dye. They establish colonial ports throughout the
Mediterranean, the most important being Carthage in North
Africa.
The first built by the Pharaoh Khufu, these
would become the eternal tombs for the
pharaohs to resurrect as mummies and
live eternal lives!
c. 1772 B.C.E. Hammurabi’s Code
The first ever written code of law
in the world
based on the harsh crime and
punishment concept of “
c. 3500 BCE Sumerian Civilization Begins
(Mesopotamia)
Agriculture leads to civilizations. The first
cities emerge along the Tigris and
Euphrates rivers, along with it, writing,
beliefs and social classes develop.
Eye for an eye Tooth for a Tooth”
c.1280 BCE Moses’ Exodus Story
Israelite Prophet Moses leads the Israelites out of
slavery in Egypt, parts the Red Sea, and receives the
10 Commandments atop Mt. Sinai.
c.1244 B.C.E.
c.1000 Israel Becomes a Kingdom
The 12 tribes unite to form the kingdom of Israel
under a succession of three kings; Saul, David,
Solomon.
Abu Simbel Built
Built as a statement of power and wealth of the
Egyptian empire along Egypt’s southern border.
Built by Ramses the Great.
C 475 C.E. Rome Falls (In the West)
After splitting the empire in two, the western empire
can no longer sustain itself with a poor economy,
weak rulers, and decline of military strength. The
empire falls to a series of Germanic tribes.
c. 404 B.C.E. Peloponnesian War Ends
c.323 B.C.E. Alexander the Great’s Empire
Sparta defeats Athens in a 30 year battle for
dominance over the Greek mainland. Athen’s naval
empire is annihilated.
Macedonian king conquers all of the Greek
mainland and sets out an military expedition to
conquer and enlighten most the ancient world. His
empire extends from Egypt to India and wherever
it went he brought Greek culture (Hellenism) with
it.
c. 509 B.C.E. Roman republic founded
The last of the Etruscan monarchs are absorbed into a
new form of government lead by elected
representatives (wealthy landowning patricians known
as Senators) and rule of law.
c.149 B.C.E. Rome destroys Carthage
Roman military defeats its rival Carthage
(Phoenician colony in N. Africa) for the final
time doubling the Roman territory in size.
c. 44 B.C.E. Julius Caesar Assassinated
c. 31 B.C.E. Octavian becomes Emperor
The famous pro-consul and most powerful
military general of Rome crossed the Rubicon to
face his rivals in the Senate of Rome. After
declaring himself the sole leader of the republic
and pardoning his rivals in an effort to preserve
the republic, a conspiracy is to assassinate the
great leader right on the senate floor on what
forever will be known as the Ides of March.
Julius Caesar’s adopted step-son wages civil war
with his rival Marc Antony finally defeating him
at the naval battle of Actium. After declaring
Julius Caesar a god, he renames himself
Octavian Augustus Caesar, meaning “The sacred
one” or the divine son of Caesar.
312 B.C.E. First Roman Aquaduct
70 C.E. The Roman Coliseum is built
Built using architectural concepts of the
arch, gravity and slope, the structure brings
fresh running water,plumbing, baths, and
most importantly sanitation to Rome.
A public works project that hosts 50,000
spectators is built for gladiatorial games and
festivals put on by Roman emperors to
entertain the people.
c. 33 C.E.
Jesus’ crucifixion
The prophet known to Christians as Joshua/Jesus
is believed to be the “messiah” promised to them in
the Jewish Torah. Believed to perform miracles and
teach equality, Roman authorities are threaten by
him and put him to death by crucifixtion.
30 B.C.E
Cleopatra’s Suicide
The last pharaoh of Egypt dies after her alliance
and romance with Roman general Marc Antony
falls apart amidst the Roman Civil War.
c.70 C.E. Roman Diaspora
After Jewish revolts against Roman occupation the
Romans destroy Jerusalem and Solomon’s second
temple. Jews and persecuted and forced to disperse
throughout the Roman Empire.
1274 B.C.E
c. 450 B.C.E. Israelites forced into exile
Under the Persians, then Babylonians Jews are
forced into exile, but write what would later be
known as the Torah (Holy Scriptures)
The Battle of Kadesh
First ever documented battle, Ramses the Great defeats
the mighty Hittite empire for control over Syria
establishing the new kingdom of pharaoh’s as an empire.
c. 1458 B.C.E. Hatshepsut’s Unusual Reign
The most powerful female of the ancient Rome
declared herself Pharaoh, and restored Egypt to
the height of its power. A prolific builder, her
most famous work is her temple at Deir el Bahri
c. 3000 B.C.E. Upper and Lower Egypt unite into one
kingdom ruled by an all- powerful Pharaoh (living God)
c. 480 B.C.E. Battle of Thermopylae (Persian Wars)
c. 507 B.C.E. Democracy forms in Athens
Under leaders like Solon, Cleisthenes
and Pericles a new form of government forms
where all the decisions of the state reside in
the hands of the citizens (male/landowners)
through direct voting.
300 Greek Spartans sacrifice their lives to hold off the entire
Persian imperial army through a mountain pass. Later the
Greek forces would destroy the entire Persian fleet at the
battle of Salamis ending the second Persian invasion.
c.478-429 B.C.E.
The Golden Age of Athens
Under the leadership of Pericles, Athens becomes the intellectual capital of the ancient world laying the
foundations for western civilization. With a focus on providing equal opportunities for all of Athen’s citizens,
major construction projects such as the Parthenon employ laborers to create fine works of architecture with
defining Greek columns, sculpted statues and marble stonemasonry. Education flourishes under philosophers
such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, and mathematics, science, literature and even athletics are born here in
Athens.