Download Mechanisms of Evolution Practice Write the term or phrase that best

Mechanisms of Evolution Practice
Write the term or phrase that best completes each statement. Use these choices:
adaptive radiation
allopatric speciation
directional selection
disruptive selection
founder effect
genetic drift
gradualism
sexual selection
stabilizing selection
sympatric speciation
1. ___________________ is a change in allelic frequencies in a population that is due to chance.
2. ___________________ removes individuals with average trait values, creating two
populations with extreme traits.
3. The most common form of selection, ___________________ , removes organisms with
extreme expressions of a trait.
4. When a small sample of the main population settles in a location separated from the main population,
the ___________________ can occur.
5. In ___________________ , a species evolves into a new species without any barriers that
separate the populations.
6. ___________________ will shift populations toward a beneficial but extreme trait value.
7. In ___________________ , a population is divided by a barrier, each population evolves
separately, and eventually the two populations cannot successfully interbreed.
8. ___________________ is a change in the size or frequency of a trait based on competition for mates.
9. One species will sometimes diversify in a relatively short time into a number of different species in a
pattern called ___________________ .
10. The idea that evolution occurred in small steps over millions of years in a speciation model is currently known as
___________________ .
Refer to the figure of the moths. Respond to each statement.
11. Specify which moth would survive if pollution
increases.
____________________________________________
12. State the name of the phenomenon illustrated.
____________________________________________
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
13. Hawaiian honeycreepers are a group of birds with similar body shape and size. However, they vary greatly in color
and beak shape. Each species occupies its own niche and is adapted to the foods available in its niche. The evolution
from a common ancestor to a variety of species is an example of __________.
a. divergent evolution
b. cross-pollination
c. vegetative propagation
d. convergent evolution
14. The flying squirrel of North America closely resembles the flying phalanger of Australia. They are similar in size and
have long, bushy tails and skin folds that allow them to glide through the air. The squirrel is a placental mammal, while
the phalanger is a marsupial. These close resemblances, even though genetically and geographically separated by great
distances, can best be explained by ________.
a. convergent evolution
b. divergent evolution
c. spontaneous generation
d. vestigial structures
15. Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all the descendants of the target pest were immune
to the usual-sized dose. The most likely explanation for this immunity to the insecticide is that _________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
eating the insecticide cause the bugs to become resistant to it
eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become less resistant to it
it destroyed organisms that cause disease in the insects, thus allowing them to live longer
the pests developed physiological adaptations to the insecticide
16. Natural processes such as speciation and gradualism provide the genetic basis for _________.
a. evolution
b. spontaneous generation
c. biogenesis
d. sexual reproduction
17. Structures that have a similar evolutionary origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat
wing and a human arm, are called __________.
a. embryological structures
b. analogous structures
c. homologous structures
d. homozygous structures
18. Natural selection can best be defined as the ___________.
a.
b.
c.
d.
survival of the biggest and strongest organisms in a population
elimination of the smallest organisms by the biggest organisms
survival and reproduction of the organism that occupy the largest area
survival and reproduction or the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment
19. A pattern of evolution that results when two unrelated species begin to appear similar because of environmental
conditions is _________.
a. disruptive selection
b. convergent selection
c. directional selection
d. divergent selection
20. What is the movement of genes into and out of a gene pool called?
a. random mating
b. nonrandom mating
c. gene flow
d. direct evolution
21. Which answer BEST shows an animal’s adaptation to the tropical rain forest?
a. camouflage in a tree frog
b. the long neck of a giraffe
c. an elephant’s long trunk
d. migration of birds in winter
22. A mechanism of Darwin’s proposed theory is ________.
a. artificial selection
b. evolution
c. variation
d. all of these
23. Upon close examination of the skeleton of an adult python, a pelvic girdle and leg bones can be observed. These
features are an example of _________.
a. artificial selection
b. homologous structure
c. vestigial selection
d. comparative embryology
24. The structures shown below are _________.
a. homologous
b. heterologous
c. analogous
d. vestigial
25. Why might the beak of the Akialoa, pictured below have developed this way?
a. to reach nectar in flowers
b. to dig through tree bark
c. to scoop up fish
d. to crack open seeds for insects
26. Correctly label each of the natural selection graphs.
A.____________________________
B.______________________________
C.____________________________