Download What is a plant? Kingdom Plantae Protista Bacteria (Monera)

Traditionally, two groups of organisms:
Animals and Plants
What is a plant?
Introduction to Classification
Animal
Plant
mobile
heterotrophic
determinate growth
stationary
autotrophic
indeterminate growth
Botany LS1203
Traditional Classification of Organisms: Two Kingdoms
Animal
Plant
Multicellular animals
Vascular plants (ferns, conifers,
flowering plants)
Protozoa
Bryophytes (mosses, liverworts,
hornworts)
Algae (kelps, seaweeds, "pond scum")
Fungi (mushrooms, morels, yeast)
Slime molds
Water molds
Bacteria (Bacteria, Archaea)
Kingdom Plantae
eukaryotic cells
cell plate forms during cell division
cell wall framework of cellulose
autotrophic – chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b
sporic life cycle
multicellular
primarily terrestrial
Protista
• Organisms that did not make the cut to be
plants
– Algae (kelps, seaweeds, "pond scum")
– Fungi (mushrooms, morels, yeast)
– Slime molds
– Water molds
– Bacteria
Bacteria (Monera)
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•
prokaryotic cells
autotrophic and heterotrophic
primarily viewed as unicellular
cell walls of peptidoglycan
• Protozoa
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Fungi
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eukaryotic cells
heterotrophic
cell walls made of chitin
zygotic life cycle
multicellular and unicellular
Archaea
• The Archaea differ from the Bacteria: cell wall
components, the organization of the DNA, the
structure of membrane lipids, and the structure of
ribosomes.
• Three groups of Archaea
– extreme halophiles (textbook: salt bacteria); ex.
Halobacterium halobium, found in the GSL
– extreme thermophiles (textbook: sulfolobus bacteria);
ex. found in sulfur hot springs, such as those at
Yellowstone
– methanogens (textbook: methane bacteria);
ex. produce methane, such as the archaea that live in
cows and digest cellulose
Domains
• Archaea
– Archaea Kingdom
• Bacteria
– Bacteria Kingdom
• Eukarya
– Animal Kingdom
– Plant Kingdom
– Fungi Kingdom
– Protista Kingdom
Five Kingdom Classification
• Three Kingdoms for complex (multicellular) eukaryotes,
with classification partly based on nutritional status and
life cycle:
Plantae: autotrophic; sporic life cycle
Animalia: heterotrophic (ingestion); gametic life cycle
Fungi: heterotrophic (absorptive); zygotic life cycle
• A catch-all Kingdom for the remaining eukaryotes
(Protista)
• A single Kingdom for all prokaryotes (Monera)
• Problem: people were starting to find prokaryotes that
were different from the "standard" bacteria.
Carl Woese. 1981.
Six Kingdoms.
Eukaryotic Kingdoms
Animalia - Multicellular animals
Plantae - Vascular plants (Seed Plants –
angiosperms and gymnosperms, Seedless
Vascular Plants), Bryophytes
Fungi (Mycota) - Fungi
Protista - Protozoa, Algae, Slime molds
Prokaryotic Kingdoms
Bacteria - includes the cyanobacteria
Archaea - methanogens, extreme thermophiles,
and extreme halophiles
Levels of Classification
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum (Division)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
-ophyta
-opsida
-ales
-aceae
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