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From Uneasy Peace to Bitter Conflict By: Jacobe Swagerty and Jordan Staples Intro Between the years of 1856 and 1860, the country’s previous principles and political processes begin to fail and change because of the issue of slavery. The Great Compromisers of the 19th century had passed, causing the unity of the states to crumble and radical forces of the country to come into power. Weak presidential powers and many revolutionary events forced the new budding America to adapt and change as a new nation. Dred Scott v. Sanford Dred Scott - slave taken to the north to free territory to work; stayed there for a period of time Sued his master John F. A. Sanford for freedom in local Missouri court Moved to Supreme Court Ruled in favor of the defendant Sanford Ruling of Dred Scott v. Sanford Chief Justice Roger B. Taney delivers three main points on the case during his ruling: (1) Slaves do not have the rights of citizens (2) The Missouri Compromise is an unconstitutional act and does hold any power in the court to abolish nor establish slavery (3) Scott, who then lived in Missouri, a slave state, had no claim in court to plead for his freedom. Historian’s View on Dred Scott v. Sanford David Blight - professor of American History at Yale University Memorable quote - “In the wake of the Dred Scott decision, spring of 1857, to be black in America was to live in the land of the Dred Scott decision, which, in effect, said, ‘You have no future in America.’ So, for the next three to three and a half years, down to the outbreak of the Civil War -- and we must remember, nobody knew that war was coming when it was coming -- to be black in America in the late 1850s was to live in a land that said you didn't have a future.” John Brown’s Raid The Beginning John Brown was a Northern Aboltionist, born in Connecticut. He had many endevors in his early life,it was at an abolitionist rally where he decided to dedicate his life to the cause. Before the big events in Harpers Ferry, Brown built up his reputation in many ways. And even before he could march on the arsenal he had preparations to do. During the Raid The arsenal was quickly taken over with little resistance as John Brown and his crew, seized the property. With the arsenal captured, John Brown’s plan for the revolution was moved to phase two where he tried to contact the other slaves to create an uprising to no avail. Before the Marines showed up,led by Robert E. Lee, citizens surrounded the armory as the rag tag group defended it. When the Marines did arrive they made short work of John Brown, as they succeeded in killing or capturing the majority of his group. The Fallout of John Brown’s Raid The skirmish with the Marines left John Brown’s miltia split up and in ruins, many suffered varying fates. Many people were killed in this fight, and even civilians were killed in this battle. Although John Brown’s raid on the island lasted less than 36 hours the nation’s view, both the north’s and the south’s would live on for many centuries to come. On his dying day he said famously that the only way America could be cleansed is by blood. John Brown’s Raid (cont.) Actor David Strathairn performs abolitionist John Browns final speech before his execution in 1859. The South Secedes The way the issue of slavery was being handled, through many events such as the Missouri Compromise, the Dred Scott decision and John Brown’s raid, the gap between the North and the South grew. And with the election revealing that Lincoln was the new President, many of the southern states,starting with South Carolina, with slaves began to secede from the union. The South Secedes (cont.) As Southern states began to secede, the South used actions like the Nullification Crisis to up the amount of supporters the South side had One of the tactics that really helped up the amount of Southern supporters was the attack on Fort Sumter where Lincoln called for reinforcements to stop many of the still Union states Southern Brothers As Tennessee became the first to leave the Union, this group of newly founded states created a nation called the Confederacy. Historian’s View On The South Secession James M. "Jim" McPherson is an American Civil War historian, and is the United States Historyat Princeton University. He received the 1989 Pulitzer Prize. He had his own ideas of if the war would’ve could have been presenting “Given the uncompromising stands of Lincoln and Northern Republicans favoring restricting slavery’s expansion and opposing secession, and of Southern political leaders favoring slavery’s right to expand and the right of states to secede, some kind of showdown in 1860–61 was unavoidable. Only if one side or the other had been willing to give up its principles could the war Conclusion All in all these numerous events set the stage for a Civil War over slavery in America. From the numerous uprisings in both the North and the South and the varying views of both sides this war was most obviously inevitable and forseen to rock America into literally two parts. QUESTION TIME!!!! What was one of the Three Main Points in the Ruling of Dred v. Scott -Slaves do not have normal people rights -Slaves are not property -Owners do not have control of their slaves after the border -The Supreme Court can only say whats what in these situations Slaves do not have the rights of normal people Who did Dred Scott sue? -The Southern Government -Another Slave -His Former Master -The Supreme Court His Former Master When and How did John Brown Die? -December 2nd, 1859/ Hanging -December 4th, 1859/ Hanging -December 4th, 1859/ Illness in Prison -December 2nd, 1859/ Guiotine December 2, 1859/ Hanging Why did Dred Scott claim to be elgible for freedom? - He had stayed in a free state for a period of time - He had put in enough time for his owner - Sanford was not his original owner - He was never born as a slave. He had stayed in a free state for a period of time. Who was John Brown relying on for support once had captured the armory? -Other Slaves and Abolitionists -People From Outside America -Native Americans and Slaves -The Families of Those He Had captured Other Slaves and Abolitionists Where was John Brown born? -New York -Connecticut -Delaware -Georgia Connecticut During his dying speech John Brown said that the nation would... -Never Be Redeemed for the Sin of Slavery -Only Be Cleansed by Blood -Only Be Redeemed by the Sacrifice of Govt. -Never Forget the Ways Their Ansestor Harmed Them Only be Cleansed By Blood Who Attacked Fort Sumter? -Free Slaves -Union -Confederates -Abolitionists Confederates Which Was the First State to Leave the Union? -Tennesssee -Mississippii -South Carolina -Alabama Tennessee Which Was the Last State to Leave the Union? -Georgia -Mississippi -Tennessee -Florida South Carolina What famous Confederate general stopped John Brown’s raid? -Robert E. Lee -Ulysses S. Grant -Abraham Lincoln -James Buchanan Robert E. Lee The verdict on Dred Scott’s case was given by Chief Justice... -Roger B. Taney -John G. Roberts, Jr. -Clarence Thomas -William Rehnquist Roger B. Taney John Brown’s Raid happened to which area of the south? -Harpers Ferry, Virginia -Torrington, Connecticut -Charleston, South Carolina -New York City, New York Harpers Ferry, Virginia As described by David Blight, professor at Yale, to be black in the America of the 1850s was to… (direct quote) -“live in a land that said you didn't have a future.” - “endure lack of compassion from the masses.” - “live as happy as anyone else.” - “lack humanity.” “Live in a land that said you did not have future.” What was the ultimate effect(s) of the events leading up to President Lincoln’s election in 1812? -Southern Secession -The Civil War -The Eventual Loss of Rights to Slaves -All of the above All of the above Works Cited Ushistory.org. "From Uneasy Peace to Bitter Conflict." U.S. History Online Textbook. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2016. History.com Staff. "From Uneasy Peace to Bitter Conflict." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, 2009. Web. 21 Sept. 2016. PBS Company. "Dred Scott Case." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2016. "Dred Scott decision". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online.Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2016. Web. 18 Sep. 2016 United States. National Park Service. "The Dred Scott Case." National Parks Service. U.S. Department of the Interior, n.d. Web. 18 Sept. 2016 History.com Authors. "John Brown's Raid." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2016. ThingLink. "South Carolina Secede by Matthew." South Carolina Secede. ThinkLink, n.d. Web. 21 Sept. 2016. Ushistory.org. "The South Secedes." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 19 Sept. 2016. History.com Authors. "John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 28