Download Before Conditioning

Homework # 13
Pick up a half sheet from the front table.
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You will use your notes and the following book pages 29-37 to
help complete the homework for next class.
ON THE INDEX CARD:
What are the three most important things that you
learned from Thursday’s lesson on Classical
Conditioning?
REGULAR WARM UP:
What is the best reward and worst punishment you have
ever received?
Hit List:
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Homework
Review Classical Conditioning
Unit Project
Operant Conditioning
Partner Work
Grades
Review: Classical
Conditioning
Before Conditioning:
UCS  UCR (reflex)
NS  No Response
Before Conditioning:
Food  Salivation (reflex)
Bell  No Response
During Conditioning:
UCS + NS  UCR
During Conditioning:
Food + Bell  Salivation
After Conditioning:
CS  CR
After Conditioning:
Bell  Salivation
Review: Classical
Conditioning
Before Conditioning:
UCS  UCR (reflex)
NS  No Response
Before Conditioning:
Altoid Mint  Recognize bad breath/take mint
Computer Noise  No Response
During Conditioning:
UCS + NS  UCR
During Conditioning:
Altoid Mint + Computer Noise 
Recognize bad breath/take mint
After Conditioning:
CS  CR
After Conditioning:
Computer Noise  Recognize bad
breath/take mint
Review: Classical Conditioning
• Identify the UCS, UCR, NS, CS, and CR in the
following scenario.
• Your significant other often yells at you and
makes you feel bad. Pretty soon, you can’t
stand the look of that person and end the
relationship. You meet another person who
looks like your ex. Although they seem nice, you
find yourself feeling bad every time you are
around them.
Learning
Operant Conditioning
B. F. Skinner
• Operant
Conditioning:
Learning from
consequences of
behavior
• How does this differ
from classical
conditioning?
(The rat must learn how to solve a
problem of how to get food)
Reinforcement
• A consequence that increases the likelihood a
behavior to occur again
• Positive reinforcement: Presenting something
desirable; a reward
Ex: Money for good grades
• Negative reinforcement: Taking away
something you don’t like
• Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of a headache
• Ex: Beeping when you leave the head lights on.
You must turn off the lights to stop the beeping.
Schedules of Reinforcement
• Continuous schedule: Reinforcement given
every time something occurs
– Ex: Get a piece of candy every time you answer a
question.
• Partial schedule: Reinforcement given only
sometimes (4 types)
– Ex: Get a piece of candy sometimes when answer a
question.
• Which do you think works better?
Partial Schedules of
Reinforcement
• Ratio: behavior is reinforced based on the
frequency of responses
– (Frequency: How often something occurs)
• Interval: behavior reinforced based on
time
Partial Schedules of
Reinforcement
Ratio
Examples:
• Fixed-Ratio: reinforcement
Getting paid for every 5 pizzas
after a fixed # of responses
made
• Variable-Ratio: reinforcement Playing a slot machine
after a varying # of responses
Interval
Examples:
• Fixed-interval: reinforcement Getting a paycheck every
for response after a fixed time Friday
elapsed
• Variable-interval:
Pop quizzes
reinforcement for response after
random time periods
Punishment
• Unpleasant consequence which
decreases a behavior to occur again.
• Examples?
Which one?
Identify if the following examples illustrate positive
reinforcement, negative reinforcement, or
punishment
1.
2.
3.
4.
The police stop drivers and give awards for safe driving.
The coach removes a player from a game who commits an intentional foul.
Taking aspirin to relieve a headache.
A baseball player glares at a teammate who makes an error during the
game.
5. A mother gives candy to the crying child in the grocery store.
6. A hospital patient is given extra visitation time after eating a full meal.
7. A teenager is grounded until his or her homework is completed.
8. Running from a building when the fire alarm sounds.
9. A child is scolded for playing in the street.
10. A rat presses a lever to terminate a shock or loud tone.
11. Teacher gives extra credit for perfect attendance.
12. A defendant is harassed until he confesses.
13. A mother smiles when her child days, “Mama”
Partner Work
Reinforcement
Punishment
- Positive reinforcement:
Presenting something
desirable; a reward
Ex: Money for good grades
- Negative reinforcement:
Taking away something you
don’t like
• Ex: Taking aspirin to get rid of
a headache
• Ex: Beeping when you leave
the head lights on. You must
turn off the lights to stop the
beeping.
- Unpleasant consequence which
decreases a behavior to occur
again.
Social Learning
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Homework #14 Questions
– Red: pg. 42-49
Blue: pg. 259-266
1. Name and describe the three types of modeling.
2. Give an example of how you have displayed self-control
as behavior modification.
Due Tuesday 5/5/09