Download APES Study Guide

APES Ch. 4 and 5 Study Guide
By the end of this section, you should be able to:
 Describe the process of natural selection
 Identify the factors that affect biological evolution
 Understand the importance of niche
 Describe the processes of speciation and extinction
 Describe genetic engineering and evaluate the potential consequences
 Differentiate between the properties of weather and climate
 Describe the Coriolis Effect and air convection currents and discuss their impact on global air circulation
 Identify the layers of the atmosphere, their properties and the importance of the natural “greenhouse effect”
 Determine the factors that influence earth’s climate
 Explain how climate determines the location of the major biomes
 Identify the major types of desert, grassland, forest and mountain biomes
 Discuss how human activities have affected biomes
Textbook References: Miller, Living in the Environment, 15th edition: Chapter 4 and 5
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Realized vs. fundamental
niche
Generalist vs. specialist
Endemic Species
Artificial Selection
Genetic Engineering
Genetically Modified
Organisms
Adaptive radiation
Weather vs. climate
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Mutation
Natural selection
Mass vs. background
extinction
Coriolis effect
Convection
Green house gases
Green house effect
Ozone layer
Permafrost
Ecotone
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Directional natural selection
Stabilizing natural selection
Disruptive natural selection
Coevolution
Convergence
Geographic isolation
Reproductive isolation
Latitude vs. elevation
Windward vs. leeward side
Rain shadow effect
Discussion Questions. Must answer each in complete sentences.
1. Summarize the role of geographic and
reproductive isolation in forming new species.
2. Describe connections among mutations,
adaptations, differential reproduction, and
biological evolution.
3. Why are endemic species especially vulnerable to
extinction?
4. Describe biodiversity in terms of speciation and
extinction.
5. Summarize how humans have tinkered with
evolutionary processes (artificial selection,
genetic engineering and GMO’s.)
6. Discuss the pros and cons of Genetic Engineering.
7. What are the two main factors that determine
the climate of a biome?
8. Describe at least four different factors which
contribute to global air circulation patterns.
9. Describe 2 examples of microclimates.
10. Describe how climate affects the distribution
of plant life on Earth. Draw connections
between biomes and the following plants:
broadleaf evergreen plants, broadleaf
deciduous plants, and coniferous plants.
11. Describe how a mountain ecosystem is like an
“island of biodiversity.”
Math Problems: Show all work and circle your answers. (Math Review)
1. Find the average of the following numbers: 124, 456, 788, and 343
2. Find the average of the following numbers: 4.56, 0.0078, 23.45, and 0.9872
3. In a small oak tree, the biomass of insects makes up 3000 kilograms. This is 4% of the total biomass
of the tree. What is the total biomass of the tree? )
4. (7.89 x 10-6) + (2.35 x 10-8)
5. (9.85 x 104) – (6.35 x 104)
6. (3.45 x 109) / (2.6 x 103)