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Chapter 11 Study Guide Vocabulary: Gene pool allele frequency Microevolution directional selection Disruptive selection gene flow Bottleneck effect founder effect Hardy-Weinburg Equilibrium Speciation behavioral isolation Temporal isolation convergent evolution Coevolution extinction Adaptive radiation normal distribution stabilizing selection genetic drift sexual selection reproductive isolation geographic isolation divergent evolution punctuated equilibrium Concepts: 1. Why does genetic variation increase the chance that some individuals in a population will survive? 2. What are three sources of genetic variation in populations? 3. Describe a population that has a normal distribution of height. 4. Name three different forms of natural selection with respect to distribution of traits (also draw the curves). 5. Is natural selection the only means by which things evolve? 6. Distinguish between gene flow and genetic drift. 7. Describe the bottleneck effect and provide an example. 8. Describe the founder effect and provide an example. 9. How can genetic drift be a problem for populations? 10. When does sexual selection occur? Is it seen more often in males or females? 11. What type of population is described by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? How is the equation used? 12. What are the five factors that can lead to evolution? 13. How does speciation happen? 14. What are the 4 ways that populations can be isolated? List examples of each. 15. Differentiate between convergent and divergent evolution. 16. Name an example of co-evolution. 17. What is meant by the phrase “evolutionary arms race”? 18. Explain the difference between background extinction and mass extinction. 19. Name and describe 2 speciation patterns.