Download LS Chapter 18: Control and Coordination The Nervous System

LS Chapter 18: Control and Coordination
The Nervous System
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Group of organs that _________________, _______________ and _______________to information
gathered through the senses
o Acts very _______________

Can be less than 1 second between gathering and responding


Touching something hot
The information gathered is called a _______________
o Can be a sight, sound, taste, smell or a feeling (touch)
o The reaction to the stimulus is called a _______________


If the response is involuntary, it is a _______________
Vital in the maintenance of _______________
o Keeps body’s internal conditions correct, no matter what is going on outside
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Split into 2 parts-The Central Nervous System (CNS) and the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Neurons
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_______________are the functioning unit of the nervous system
o Work to relay sensory information to and from the brain
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3 main parts of a neuron
o _______________-Receives information
o _______________-Processes information
o _______________-Transmits information
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3 types of neuron
o _______________-Send information from senses to the brain or spinal cord
o _______________-Sends information from the brain and spinal cord to tissues and organs
o _______________-Connect sensory and motor neurons
Information Transmission

The area between neurons is called a _______________
o Neurons relay information by releasing chemicals called ______________________________
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These neurotransmitters travel across the synapse from an _______________of one neuron
to a _______________of another
The Central Nervous System
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The CNS includes the ____________________________________________________________
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Receives, processes, stores, and transfers information
The Brain
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______________________________of the body
o Receives and sends information. Also processes and stores information.
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3 main divisions:
o _______________- Controls _______________, _______________, and _______________
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______________________________-Language center of the brain
o _______________- Controls _______________muscle movement and balance
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Muscle memory
o _______________- Controls _______________actions
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Heart, breathing, etc.
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Connects brain to the ______________________________
Lobes of the Cerebrum
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4 lobes that have different functions
o _______________Lobe
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Problem solving, emotion, reasoning, speaking, voluntary motor actions
o _______________Lobe
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Sensation, reading, body orientation
o _______________Lobe
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Vision, color perception
o _______________Lobe
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Understanding language, behavior, memory, hearing
The Spinal Cord
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Tube-like _____________________________________________that extends from the brain stem
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_____________________________________________to and from the brain
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Protected by the _______________
The Peripheral Nervous System
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Connects the ____________________________________________________________
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2 parts
o _______________ (SoNS)- Controls _______________muscles and _______________actions
o _______________ (ANS)- Controls _______________and _______________muscles (involuntary)
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Think: Autonomic=_______________
Damage to the Nervous System
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Physical injuries
o _______________- Traumatic injury to the brain
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Can impair ability to think, concentrate, or remember
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Can cause headaches and blurry vision
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Can, in rare cases, ______________________________, and increase anxiety, anger, or loss of
interest in usual activities

Huge problem in sports
o _______________- inability to control parts of the body, or loss of sensation
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Especially common in ______________________________injuries (broken neck/back)
Drugs ______________________________and impair abilities
o Unlike most cells, neurons do not regrow or repair
Sensory System
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Part of the Nervous System that detects or senses the environment
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Humans have 5 senses
o _______________
o _______________
o _______________
o _______________
o _______________

The information is collected by specialized structures called _______________
o Each sense uses different receptors
Vision
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_______________collects and transmits to the brain
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Parts of the eye
o _______________-outer membrane. _______________________________________it into the eye.

Changes the direction to focus it
o _______________and _______________- Iris is the ______________________________of the eye.
Pupil is the ______________________________.

The iris _____________________________________________to adjust the amount of light
entering.
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Pupil decreases in size when bright, and _______________ (increases in size) when dark to
collect more light
o _______________- Changes the direction of light again to focus it on the retina
o _______________-area at the back of the eye that contains cells called _______________
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Photoreceptors, called _______________and _______________, send the information as
electrical signals through the ______________________________to the brain
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Vision Problems
o ______________________________- Trouble focusing objects that are far away
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The eye is _______________, and focuses the image in _______________of the retina
o ______________________________- Trouble focusing on objects that are near
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The eye is _______________than normal, and focuses the object _______________the retina
o _______________- Irregular curvature of cornea or lens
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Doesn’t bend light correctly, making image _______________
o All can be corrected with ______________________________
Hearing
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Done by the _______________
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Sound waves are collected and transferred via ______________________________to the brain
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3 parts of the ear
o _______________- Collects and directs soundwaves to the eardrum (_________________________)
o Middle Ear- Contains 3 tiny bones that are vibrated by the tympanic membrane
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Called the _______________ (hammer), _______________ (anvil), and ____________(stirrup)
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These bones _______________and transfer the sound to the inner ear
o ______________________________- Contains the _______________, which is filled with ________

The fluid moves and disrupts _____________________, which connect to the auditory nerve
The Ear and Homeostasis
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The ear is responsible for your ______________________________
o As you move, ______________________moves hair cells, which send information to your brain
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Your brain interprets them and helps you maintain balance
o This is also why you may get dizzy if you have an ear infection
Smell
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______________________________in the nose collect sent _______________from the air
Taste
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Chemoreceptors in the mouth (a.k.a. _______________) collect tastes and transfer them to the brain
o Main tastes: _______________, _______________, _______________, _______________, and
_______________
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Umami is a _______________taste
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Especially _______________in processed foods
Not all taste buds sense all tastes
o There are not certain regions of the tongue for each
Touch
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Touch receptors in the skin feel temperature, pressure, and pain
o Different receptors allow for feeling _______________ _______________ (tickles) and
______________________________ (pokes or jabs)
o There are more receptors in some areas than others
The Endocrine System
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A group of _______________and _______________that release chemicals (called _______________) into
the blood
o _______________than the nervous system
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Endocrine _______________release the hormones and they travel to other areas of the body
o They bond to _______________ _______________ (lock and key)
Major Endocrine Glands
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_______________and _______________Glands in the brain
o Hypothalamus _______________information from the body and signals the pituitary gland to
______________________________
o The Pituitary Gland releases hormones that ______________________________and
___________________________________________________________________________
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It also releases ______________________________which allows the body to grow
o The _______________Gland regulates how the body uses energy (_______________)
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Located in the _______________
o The _______________Gland, located in the _______________, signals the body to _______________
o _______________Glands in the abdomen release _______________to help respond to stress
o The _______________secretes _______________to control blood sugar
o In females, _______________release _______________and produce _______________cells
o In males, _______________release _______________and produce _______________
The Endocrine System and Homeostasis
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The glands of the endocrine system respond to stimuli and release hormones
o Helps to ______________________________
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Feedback Loops
o ______________________________-The glands release hormone only when needed
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_______________happening in the body
o ______________________________- The release of a hormone
____________________________________________________________
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Not as common
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_______________, secretion of ______________________________