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What is chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of the
composition of matter and the changes
that matter undergoes.
How many areas of study are there in chemistry
and what are they?
5. Organic chemistry, inorganic
chemistry, biochemistry, analytical
chemistry, and physical chemistry.
What are the steps in the scientific
method?
Making observations, testing
hypotheses, and developing theories.
Which is a better conductor
of electric current; gold or
copper?
Copper because the valence
electrons are free and repel each
other strongly which causes
repulsion of other electrons.
How do you find the percent error?
Percent error = |error|/ accepted
value x 100%
Democritus believed that atoms were
divisible and destructible. True or False?
False. He believed that they were
indivisible and indestructible.
What is Dalton’s atomic theory?
Dalton’s atomic theory:
1. All elements are composed of tiny
indivisible particles called atoms.
2. Atoms of the same element are identical.
The atoms of any one element are different
from those of any other element.
3. Atoms of different elements can physically
mix together or can chemically combine in
simple whole-number ratios to form
compounds.
4. Chemical reactions occur when atoms are
separated, joined, or rearranged. Atoms of
one element, however, are never changed
into atoms of another element as a result of a
chemical reaction.
What is the structure of the nuclear
atom?
Protons + neutrons in the nucleus.
Electrons distributed around the nucleus.
How do you find the number of
neutrons in an atom?
Number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number
How many types of atomic orbitals are there
and what are they?
4 orbitals; s orbital, px orbital, py orbital &
pz orbital.
There are only 2 rules to tell you how to
find the electron configurations of atoms,
the aufbau principle and Hund’s rule.
True or False?
False, there are three rules, the aufbau
principle, the Pauli exclusion principle, and
Hund’s rule.
How do you find the number of electrons
in an atom of a representative element?
Look at its group number.
Who is Gilbert Lewis?
He explained why atoms form certain
kinds of ions and molecules and called
this explanation the octet rule.
How are ionic bonds different from
metallic bonds?
It is a metal + non metal bond.
True or false? Ionic compounds have lower
boiling points and melting points than
molecular compounds.
False. Molecular compounds have lower
melting and boiling points than ionic
compounds.
What does VSEPR stand for? Why is
it important?
Valence- shell electron pair repulsion theory.
It is important because it is the repulsion
between electron pairs causes molecular
shapes to adjust so that the valence-electron
pairs stay as far apart as possible.
Name the ion Cu^2+
Copper (II) ion
Cupric ion
What do the names of most
polyatomic ions end in?
They end in –ite or –ate.
How do you write a formula for binary
ionic compounds?
You write the symbol of the cation and
then the anion. Add whatever subscripts
are needed to balance the charges. Ex. KCl
What does the prefix in the name of a
binary molecular compound tell you?
It tells how many atoms of an element are
present in each molecule of the
compound.
When does the suffix of an anion
change?
When it is an acid.
What are three ways to measure
the amount of something?
By count, by mass, and by volume.
What is Avogadro’s number?
6.02 x 10^23 representative particles
How do you convert the number of
particles to moles?
Moles= representative particles x 1 mole/ 6.02 x 10^23
STP is short for what? What is
the state of 1 mol of STP?
Standard temperature and pressure. At
STP, 1 mol of any gas occupies a volume
of 22.4 L.