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INTEGRATED METABOLISM EVY YULIANTI [email protected] 1 Getting Energy From Food Not responsible for: Enzyme names and molecular structures, (unless discussed specifically in class Details of metabolic pathways Getting Energy From Food 2 What are the major pathways of metabolism of our principal energy sources? Carbohydrates Fats Protein What are the end-products? What are the waste products? Getting Energy From Food 3 How is energy transferred to ATP? Substrate-level phosphorylation Chemiosmotic phosphorylation How is energy of ATP used? -- energetically unfavorable Rxs Figure 3-33 Getting Energy From Food 4 What are Functions of NAD, NADP, FAD? Electron carriers Oxidation / reduction reactions NAD and catabolic reactions -- substrate oxidation -- H- used for ATP synthesis NADP and anabolic reactions -- substrate reduction -- e.g., --COOH to C=O to C-OH Getting Energy From Food 5 Overview of Carbohydrate Catabolism You are expected to be familiar with the: • functions and metabolic relationships between: Glycolysis Fermentation Transition reaction Krebs (TCA) cycle Electron transport • and their cellular locations • roles/requirements for O2 and CO2 in these processes Getting Energy From Food 6 Overview of Glycolysis Substrate-level phosphorylation vs Chemiosmotic phosphoryltion Getting Energy From Food 7 How does fermentation allow cells to produce ATP in the absence of oxygen? -- detoxifying of pyruvate -- regeneration of NAD How long can this go on…? What happens to the lactate? Cori-cycle (a little physiology) Lactic Acidosis Getting Energy From Food 8 Oxidation of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA The Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex -- huge -- highly regulated Activators: ADP, NAD, CoA Inhibitors: ATP, NADH, acCoA Getting Energy From Food 9 How are triglycerides oxidized? Fatty acids and glycerol Beta-oxidation 1 FADH & 1 NADH / acCoA How many FADH and NADH would be produced from a 16 carbon FA? Getting Energy From Food 10 Krebs Cycle Getting Energy From Food 11 Using NADH to make ATP Electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation You should be able to complete a table to calculate energy yields from glucose or fatty acids (of any given length) -- assuming 2.5 ATP per NADH (1.5 per glycolytic NADH) and 1.5 ATP per FADH From glucose Glycolysis ____ NADH x ____ ATP ____ ATP Transition Rx ____ NADH x ____ ATP x 2 pyr Krebs cycle ____ NADH x ____ ATP x 2 pyr ____ FADH x ____ ATP x 2 pyr ____ GTP x ____ ATP x 2 pyr Total ATP yield _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ 30 From a 12 carbon fatty acid B-oxidation ____ FADH x ____ ATP x 6 acCoA ____ NADH x ____ ATP x 6 acCoA Krebs cycle ____ NADH x ____ ATP x 6 acCoA ____ FADH x ____ ATP x 6 acCoA ____ GTP x ____ ATP x 6 acCoA Total Getting Energy From Food ATP yield _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ 84 12 What are the biosynthetic roles Of these pathways? Getting Energy From Food 13 Getting Energy From Food 14 Integrated Metabolism (Note Metabolic Linkage by G6-P, Pyruvic Acid and Acetyl CoA) Dominant Absorptive Reactions: Most cells oxidize glucose to ATP, CO2 and H2O Postabsorptive State Reactions Getting Energy From Food 18 Getting Energy From Food 19 Getting Energy From Food 20 Getting Energy From Food 21 Getting Energy From Food 22 Getting Energy From Food 23 Getting Energy From Food 24 Getting Energy From Food 25 Getting Energy From Food 26 Getting Energy From Food 27 Getting Energy From Food 28 Getting Energy From Food 29 Getting Energy From Food 30 Getting Energy From Food 31 Getting Energy From Food 32 Getting Energy From Food 33 Getting Energy From Food 34 Getting Energy From Food 35 Getting Energy From Food 36 Getting Energy From Food 37 Getting Energy From Food 38 Getting Energy From Food 39 Getting Energy From Food 40 Getting Energy From Food 41 Getting Energy From Food 42
