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Ways in which daily life differs in two early societies (e.g., with reference to education) Ancient Greece Boys went to school, but girls didn’t. By the age of 20, boys had taken all of their courses. Boys learned reading, writing, math, and more. Girls learned cooking, cleaning and taking care of their family (e.g. sewing). Medieval Europe There were some schools, but not a lot. Students would learn how to read and write and Latin. It was mostly boys that went to school. Compare two early societies in terms of their relationship with the environment (e.g., use of land and resources - agricultural practices). Judea Judeans farmed mostly on the coastal plain and along the Jordan River. Land that was used for farming was hilly. This was a challenge for farmers. The solution was to build flat areas or terraces which looked like large steps in the side of hills. Farmers also captured water in large pools. Ancient Rome They farmed in rich soil and the mild climate of the Latium Plains. Farmers had advanced farming methods that allowed them to farm year round. They drained the soil during wet weather and irrigated it during dry weather. They even used fertilizer and green houses. describe some attempts within early societies to deal with conflict and to establish greater cooperation Conflict in Ancient Rome The Roman Empire grew by having its powerful army invade and conquer neighbouring countries. A Roman governor and soldiers were left in these new territories to keep the peace and enforce Roman rule. Cooperation in Ancient Rome The Roman Empire controlled these territories by cooperating with them. Rome allowed people to live in much the same way as they did before their invasion. describe significant aspects of daily life in two early societies (e.g., with reference to spiritual/religious life) Ancient Egypt Spiritual/Religious Life The ancient Egyptians believed in many gods and goddesses. They believed that their gods and goddesses controlled the natural world, including plants, animals, wind, and rain. The ancient Egyptians also believed that the pharaoh, their ruler had come from the gods. The pharaoh made sure that daily rituals and offerings were made to honour the gods. In return, the gods would bless the people with fertile land and healthy crops. Ancient Rome Spiritual/Religious Life The early ancient Romans believed that every object had a spirit. It was believed that the spirits had an influence on daily life. People believed that spirits protected the family, home, and even the trees and rivers. Ancient Roman beliefs were a way of explaining natural events that people did not understand. The ancient Romans would pray to the gods and goddesses for health and protection. describe the social organization of some different early societies Ancient China China’s society was a hierarchy, with the emperor on top. He was believed to have come from the heavens. Slaves and soldiers are not usually shown on the hierarchy of ancient China. These people were part of society but had little power. Ancient Rome At the top of the hierarchy in ancient Rome was the emperor. At the bottom of the hierarchy were the people who were the poorest, including soldiers, workers, and slaves. Early in ancient Rome, people were born into a particular class, and moving up in the hierarchy was almost impossible. People of the Six Nations Each nation had its own culture and territory. The Peacemaker advised them to organize into family groups or clans. The men were not the leaders of their clans, but they served as chiefs in the government. The Great Law of Peace made women the leaders of each clan. Vocabulary 1. BCE (before common era) - dates that are before the year 0 2. CE (common era) - dates from the year 0 to present 3. Clans - family groups in the Six Nations society 4. Society – a group of people who live together 5. First Nations – the original inhabitants of Canada, except Inuit ( Aboriginal people in northern Canada 6. Hierarchy – a system in which people or groups are ranked according to their role or position in society 7. Matriarchal – a society in which the women make all the major decisions 8. Medieval – the historical period from about 500 CE to 1 500CE; the Middle Ages 9. Patriarchy – the father or oldest male made all the major decisions 10. Rural – areas outside cities; countryside 11. Urban – areas inside cities Compare Social Organizations – What is the difference between a slave and a serf? Slaves Serfs could not be sold protected by their Lord given land to support themselves could own land no freedom could not move to another area could not marry without approval had no land (could not own property) anything they owned could be taken away not protected by master