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10/4/16
The System Unit
The System Unit
§ Describe the six basic types of system units.
§ Discuss how a computer can represent numbers
and encode characters electronically.
§ Describe each of the major system unit
components.
§ Discuss microprocessors,
including microprocessor
chips and specialty processors.
§ Discuss memory including
RAM, ROM, and flash memory.
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Computing Essentials 2013
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Computing Essentials 2013
The System Unit
§ Speed, capacity, and flexibility determine the power
The System Unit
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of microcomputers.
§ Knowledge of a computer’s power allows you to
make good buying decisions and to determine if your
current system will run new applications.
§ Competent end users need to
understand the basic principles
of how microcomputers are
put together.
Desktop System Units
Media Center System Units
Notebook System Units
Netbook System Units
Tablet PC System Units
Handheld Computer
System Units
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Computing Essentials 2013
The System Unit
§ System Chassis
§ System board
§ Data and instructions are represented
electronically
§ Two-state system or Binary System
§ Motherboard
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The System Unit
Microprocessor
Memory
Socket
Bus lines
Expansion slots
§ Off/on electrical states
§ Characters represented by 0’s (off) and 1’s (on)
§ Bits
§ Bytes
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The System Unit
§ Binary coding schemes
The System Unit
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§ ASCII - American Standard
Code for Information Exchange
§ EBCDIC - Extended Binary
Coded Decimal Interchange
Code
§ Unicode - handles languages
with large numbers of characters
Main board or motherboard
Controls communications
Components connect to the system board
Data path
Traffic monitor
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The System Unit
§ Sockets
The System Unit
§ Slots
§ Provide a connection point for specialized cards or
circuit boards
§ Connection
point for
chips
§ Bus lines
§ Chips
§ Provide pathways that support communication
among the various electronic components
§ Tiny circuit boards etched onto squares of silicon
§ Silicon chip, semiconductor, or integrated circuit
§ Mounted on carrier packages
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The System Unit
§ Central Processing Unit (CPU)
The System Unit
§ Chip capacities expressed in word size
§ Word
§ Contained on the microprocessor chip
§ Brains of the computer
§ Two Basic Components
§ The number of bits that can be processed at one
time
§ Control unit
• Program instructions
• Directs flow between memory and Arithmetic-Logic
Unit
• Directs flow between CPU and I/O devices
§ Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU)
§ 64-bit standard
§ Clock Speed
§ Processing speed
§ The number of times the CPU fetches and
processes data or instructions in a second
• Arithmetic operation (Key Term)
• Logical operation (Key Term)
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The System Unit
The System Unit
§ Coprocessors
§ Multi-Core Chip
§ Designed to improve specific computing
operations
§ Graphics coprocessors / Graphics Processing
Unit (GPU)
§ Two separate and independent CPUs
§ Parallel Processing
§ Windows 7 and Mac OS X
§ Smart cards
§ Credit card with an embedded chip
§ Specialty processors in cars
§ RFID tags
§ Information chips
§ Embedded in merchandise to track their location
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The System Unit
The System Unit
§ Random Access Memory (RAM) chips hold
§ Holding area for data, instructions, and
programs and data that are currently being
accessed
information
§ Chips connected to the system board
§ RAM
§ Volatile
§ Cache memory or RAM cache
§ Additional RAM can be added using an
expansion module called a DIMM
§ Random Access Memory
§ Other types of RAM
§ ROM
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§ Read Only Memory
§ Flash
DRAM
SDRAM
DDR
Direct RDRAM
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The System Unit
§ Read-only memory (ROM)
The System Unit
§ Flash memory offers a combination of the
features of RAM and ROM
§ Information stored by the manufacturer
§ Like RAM, it can be updated
§ Like ROM, it is non-volatile
§ Contains startup information
§ Non-volatile and cannot be changed
§ CPU can read, or retrieve data and programs
in ROM but the computer cannot change ROM
§ Contain special instructions
§ Amount of RAM
§ Start the computer
§ Type of keyboard, mouse, and secondary storage
devices connected
§ Access memory
§ Handle keyboard input
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The System Unit
§ For adding devices
§ Plug and play
§ ExpressCard slots
The System Unit
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§ PCMCIA slots
§ Notebooks and handheld devices
Advanced graphics cards
Sound cards
Network interface cards (NIC)
Wireless network cards
TV tuner cards
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The System Unit
§ Allows you to view your favorite TV shows while
The System Unit
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running other applications such as Excel
§ Video can be captured to a file, added to a Web
page, attached to an email, or added to a
presentation
§ Inexpensive and
easy to install
Also known as a bus
Connect parts of the CPU to each other
Pathway for bits
Bus width
§ Number of bits that
can travel at once
§ Two basic categories
§ System buses
§ Expansion buses
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The System Unit
§ Connects the CPU to other components on the
The System Unit
§ Socket for connecting external devices
§ Ports can connect directly to the system board
system board, including expansion slots
§ Universal Serial Bus (USB)
or they can connect to cards that are inserted
into slots on the system board
§ Three Types
§ Connects external USB devices onto the USB bus
§ FireWire
§ Audio and video equipment
§ Standard Ports
§ PCI Express (PCIe)
§ Specialized Ports
§ Legacy Ports
§ Single dedicated path for each connected device
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The System Unit
§ VGA and DVI
The System Unit
§ Sony/Philips Digital Interconnect Format
(S/PDIF)
§ Analog and digital monitors
§ USB
§ Optical audio connections
§ High end audio and home theatre
§ Keyboards, mice, printers,
storage devices
§ High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI)
§ FireWire
§ High definition video and audio
§ Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI)
§ High speed
§ Ethernet
§ Connect musical instruments
§ High speed networking
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The System Unit
§ Old types of ports mostly replaced by faster,
The System Unit
§ Used to connect external devices to the system
more flexible ports such as USB
unit via the ports
§ One end of the cable is attached to the
device and the other end has a connector that
is attached to a matching connector on the
port
§ Serial
§ Parallel
§ Keyboard and mouse
§ Infrared Data Association (IrDA)
§ Game
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The System Unit
The System Unit
§ Computer technicians repair and install
§ Computers require direct current (DC)
§ DC power provided by converting alternating current
computer components and systems
§ Employers look for:
(AC) from wall outlets or batteries
§ Certification
§ Communication skills
§ Desktop computers use power supply units
§ Notebooks and handhelds use AC adapters
§ Continued education
is required
§ Computer technicians can
expect to earn an hourly
wage of $13.50 to $22.50
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The System Unit
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Wearable computers
Send and receive email while jogging
Maintain your personal schedule book
Remember the names of people at a party
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