Download 3.2-3.3 GN

3.2 Carbon Compounds
I. Organic Molecules
A. Organic – made up of mostly __________________
II. Carbon’s Bonding Behavior
A. Outer shell of carbon has ________ electrons; but can hold ________
B. Each carbon atom can form _______________________ bonds with up to ______ atoms
C. Carbon atoms can form ___________________ or ____________________
D. Carbon atoms form the ________________________________ of organic compounds
E. _______________________________________ can stick out from the carbon backbone
__________________
__________________
__________________
Why is there an enormous variety of Organic Compounds?
Carbon’s tendency to __________________________________________________________
III. Functional Groups
A. Atoms or clusters of atoms that are covalently bonded to ___________________________
B. Give organic compounds their different properties
eg: ________________________ represented by -OH makes an __________________
FUNCTIONAL GROUP
MOLECULAR FORMULA
IV. LARGE CARBON MOLECULES
A. Large Carbon Compounds are built up from smaller simpler molecules called
_____________________(building blocks)
(MONO = ___________)
B. Monomers can bind to one another to form complex molecules known as
_____________________
(POLY = _____________)
C. A Polymer consist of repeated, linked units, forming large polymers called
___________________________
(MACRO = _______________)
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V. Types of Reactions:
1. Condensation Reactions (Dehydration Synthesis)
a) Monomers link to form ________________________
b) Monomers are _____________________________ and water is squeezed out
(_________________________)
c) Enzymes remove ________ from one molecule and a _________ from another to form a bond
between two molecules
2. Hydrolysis
a) The__________________ of complex molecules, such as polymers (hydro=
/lysis=
b) ________________________ of a WATER molecule to ADD _________ group and an ____
to break bonds that hold polymer together
Four categories of organic compounds:
___________________
___________________
___________________
___________________
3.3 MOLECULES OF LIFE
Molecular Formula - ______________________________________ eg.
Structural Formula - ______________________________________ eg.
1. Carbohydrates: sugars
contain C, H, and O in the ratio of __________________- carbo (C) hydrate (H2O)
a) monomers of sugars  __________________________________
1)examples: _________________(manufactured by plants)
_________________ (found in fruits),
2) ___________________: has the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
3) Used for ____________________________________
b) Disaccharides – double sugar
1) examples: ____________________ (glucose + fructose = table sugar),
2) bond between two monosaccharides is called a _______________________bond
3) a disaccharide contains ____________ energy than the two units it is composed of
c) Polysaccharides – ____________________monosaccharides
1) energy storage: plants = _________________ animals = _______________ “animal starch”
2) structural function: plant cell walls = ______________ insect exoskeleton = _______________
 When blood sugar decreases, liver cells _______________ glycogen, releasing ________
 Cells store energy as polysaccharides rather than glucose units because the
_____________________________________________(warehouse of simple sugars)
Cellulose:
Starch:
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2. LIPIDS – Fats and Oils
a) Composed of _________________________
b) Ratio of C to H to O higher than in carbohydrates (more of)
c) Solubility: 1) they are insoluble in _____________ 2) they are soluble in _____________
d) Primary function - to ____________ large amounts of energy: ______ as carbs and proteins
e) Secondary functions –
1. ________________________ (eg. __________________ - make up cell membranes)
2. ________________________ (eg. Hormones – chemical messengers)
3. _______________________ and ________________________.
f) Monomers of Lipids are: _____________________________________
1) ________________ (-COOH) at one end and _______________(-CH3) at the other end
2) Carbon (CH2) backbone (up to 36 C atoms) in the middle
3)____________________ - Single bonds between carbons; ____________ at room temp.
5) ____________________- One _____________ bond; ____________ at room temp.
6) ___________ _________-More than one _____________ bond; liquid at room temperature
7) Glycerol backbone – where fatty acids attach
Dehydration synthesis removes the _____________ from the glycerol and an _____
from the fatty acid to form a ____________________ bond.
8) Triglyceride: glycerol + 3 fatty acids
glycerol
+ 3H20
three fatty
acid tails
triglyceride
Fig. 3.8b, p. 40
Slide 14
9) Phospholipids
a. Main components of cell _____________________________
a. Has a ____________________ group and two _______________________
Phospholipids bilayer of
cell membrane
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10) Waxes
11) Sterols:
________ fatty acids!
Most common type: _________________
3. Nucleic Acids
Includes ___________ and ____________
DNA  _____________________________________________________
RNA  _________________________________________________________
Monomers are: ___________________________________ (eg. __________)
-made up of: 1.
2.
3.
ATP (____________________________________________________), a nucleotide
-energy ______________________________ of a cell bc stores energy in _______________
1. ________________________ - nitrogen containing base
2. ________________________ - 5 carbon sugar
3. 3 inorganic __________________________________________
- when break a ________________________ group off by ____________________________
it becomes  _____________ (____________________________________)
and _____________________________ energy
4. Proteins
A. Most complex and important substances in living organisms
B. Composed of _______________________________
C. The building block of protein is the monomer- __________________)
D. Function: ________________ – parts of cells, tissues, collagen and elastin
AMINO ACID
a) Determined by the __________________”
b) there are __________ different Amino Acids
2) A Protein is a chain of amino acids linked by ____________________
If there are only 20 amino acids, how are there so many types of proteins?
1) The _____________________, ________________, _______________ of amino acids
____________________________– 2 amino acids
__________________________ – chain of amino acids
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______________________________ – two or more polypeptides