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Anatomical and functional relationship between the hypothalamus and the pituitary. The hypothalamus is anatomically and functionally linked with the anterior and posterior pituitary. They are closely related because of the portal system of blood supply. The superior, medial, and inferior hypophyseal arteries provide arterial blood supply to the median eminence and the pituitary. Magnocellular neurons of the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei have long axons that terminate in the posterior pituitary. The axons of parvicellular neurons terminate in the median eminence where they release their neuropeptides. The long portal veins drain the median eminence, transporting the peptides from the primary capillary plexus to the secondary plexus that provides blood supply to the anterior pituitary. (Adapted with permission from Melmed S. Medical progress: acromegaly. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(24): Source: Chapter 2. The Hypothalamus and Posterior Pituitary Gland, Endocrine Physiology, 4e 2558–2573. Copyright © Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved.) Citation: Molina PE. Endocrine Physiology, 4e; 2013 Available at: http://mhmedical.com/ Accessed: May 07, 2017 Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved
