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Open Book and Notes
1. Identify the term that is used to describe anatomically similar structures inherited from a common
ancestor.
a. ancestral traits
b. analogous structures
c. homologous structures
2. What is the relationship between the terms natural selection and evolution
a. They mean the same thing.
b. Evolution explains how natural selection works.
c. Natural selection explains how evolution works.
3. Which explains why the tortoises on the different islands of the Galápagos had slightly different
variations in their shells?
a. The different tortoises were different species.
b. The environment on each island was different.
c. Each type of tortoise could survive only on its own island.
d. They arrived on the islands from different continents.
4. Organisms with similar anatomy share similar DNA sequences or genes.
a. True
b. False
5. Fossils left by ancient fish species show that they had lots of the same traits. What conclusion is
supported by this evidence?
a. Ancient fish species ate the same food.
b. Ancient fish species may have shared a common ancestor
c. Ancient fish species swam in the same oceans.
d. Ancient fish species had similar migration patterns.
6. Which is the best explanation for the similarities in the construction of these forelimbs?
a. Natural selection has produced similar modifications in the forelimb.
b. They are functionally similar features that have evolved independently.
c. They are modifications of the forelimbs of a common ancestor
7. Which improves an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its environment?
a. adaptation
b. convergence
c. divergence
d. embryology
8. Which is an example of natural selection in action?
a. changing fur color in African marten due to excessive exposure to sunlight
b. changing numbers in dark-colored field mice populations over 200 years
c. production of thoroughbred race horses
9. Which best defines evolution?
a. change in the genetic make-up of a population
b. change in the phenotype of an individual through time
c. individuals in two populations looking different
10. What is meant by the term evolution?
a. For every new species evolving, an old one vanishes.
b. Gradual changes in a species can occur through time.
c. Species normally remain stable for millions of years.
d. There will be no new species evolving.
11. Which of the choices below is not a factor that affects natural selection?
a. Overproduction
b. Variation
c. Death rates
12. Which of the following sets of factors did Darwin identify as affecting natural selection?
a. Adaptation, predation, and evolution
b. Overproduction, variation, and competition
c. Adaptations traits, and variation
13. What best explains the fact that red wood trees today are approximately twice as long as they were
150 years ago?
a. Forest land was smaller 150 years ago.
b. The taller height trait was a better adaption and it was selected.
c. There were cooler temperatures and decreased rainfall 150 years ago.
14. Artificial is defined as something made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally.
Genetics is the study of heredity and genes. What is the major mechanism responsible for the many
different breeds of dogs?
a. artificial selection
b. genetic drift
c. natural selection
15. Why is the excessive use of antibiotics a concern for the medical community?
a. Antibiotics are very expensive to manufacture.
b. Humans are evolving a resistance to some antibiotics.
c. Some bacteria are evolving resistance to antibiotics.
16. Why is genetic variation so important?
a. If all organisms were the same, the entire population would be vulnerable to pathogens, like
viruses.
b. When an animal has a litter it will have different species of offspring to keep the genetic
diversity in an area high.
c. Variation is important because it keeps species from evolving into other species.
17. Which of the following is an example of genetic variation?
a. One person is older than another.
b. One person has a scar, but her friend does not.
c. Two children have different eye colors.
d. Todd eats meat, but his brother Rod is a vegetarian.
18. The evolutionary theory proposed by Charles Darwin was:
a. The spontaneous generation of new organisms
b. The passing on of genes from one generation to the next
c. Change in populations through time as a response to environmental change
19. The wing of the bat and the fore-limb of the dog are said to be homologous structures. This indicates
that:
a. Bats evolved from a lineage of dogs
b. They are structures which are similar due to common ancestry
c. The limb bones of each are anatomically identical
20. Individuals within a species tend to be genetically different. The primary mechanism generating this
individual variability is:
a. meiosis
b. mitosis
c. duplications
21. Using the principles of evolution what would be the the earliest fossils found in the geologic record
are:
a. mouse
b. seed plants
c. a unicellular organism
22. The Dunkers are a religious group that moved from Germany to Pennsylvania in the mid-1700s. They
do not marry with members outside their own immediate community. Today, the Dunkers are
genetically unique and differ in gene frequencies, from all other populations including their original
homeland. Which of the following likely explains the genetic uniqueness of this population?
a. Bottleneck Effect and genetic drift
b. mutation and natural selection
c. founder effect and genetic drift
23. The more closely related two different organisms are, the
a. more similar their habitats are
b. less similar their DNA sequences are
c. more recently they shared a common ancestor
24. For a given population that contains genetic variation and is under the influence of natural selection, what is the
correct sequence of the following events?
a.
b.
c.
d.
1
Well-adapted individuals leave more offspring
2.
A change occurs in the environment.
3.
Genetic rates within the population change
4.
Poorly adapted individuals do not survive
2 -> 4 -> 1 -> 3
2 -> 4 -> 3 -> 1
4 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3
4 -> 2 -> 3 -> 1
Use the text to answer questions 25-27
Gabby has a discovered an ancient species of freshwater Lancetfish, which grow over 4 meters long. The
Lancetfish that are living now only grow to about 2.5 meters.
25. Which of the following is the best reason why the lancetfish are now only 2.5 meters.
A. The fish got tired of growing so large and stop at a more reasonable length.
B. The lancetfish fish were shrunk over time due to pollution in the water.
C. The large lancetfish moved to the ocean where they are able to eat larger prey and the small
lancetfish stayed in the freshwater habitat.
D. Food sources declined and the larger lancetfish were dying of starvation, while the naturally
smaller lancetfish were able to survive.
26. What did gabby use to study the ancient species of freshwater Lancetfish?
A. Picture take of the ancient Lancetfish in their habitats.
B. Fossils records
C. DNA samples of animals from that era
D. Rock Samples
27. How did scientist determine that the present day Lancetfish evolved from the ancient species of
Lancetfish?
A. They studied the food source in the areas found where the ancient Lancetfish were discovered.
B. They observed the present day Lancetfish and compared their migration patterns to fossils
found of ancient lancetfish.
C. They analyzed DNA samples of ancient Lancetfish and present day Lancetfish to compare their
similarities.
D. They observed fossils of ancient water creatures to determine the movement pattern of these
creatures.
Use the text to answer questions 28-30
Ralph observed a population of trout in the Great Lakes for 5 years. He noticed that the majority of the trout
was a light brown and white at the beginning of his research but towards the end of his research the trout
became a dark brown.
28. What is the best explanation for the change in trout’s color?
A. The sun’s rays were being block by the greenhouse effect and the trout just looked darker.
B. Pollution in the lake made the light brown and white trout easier to see and be eaten.
C. The light brown trout begin to avoid Ralph’s nets and just weren’t ever caught.
D. The trout’s genes change midway through their life and turned them a different color.
29. Organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive to reproduce.
A. Evolution
B. Competition
C. Natural Selection
D. Genetic Drift
30. Some animals have characteristics that make them better suited for their environment, than other
members of their species. What word best describes these characteristics?
A. Cooperation
B. Features
C. Adaptations
D. Variations