Download Anatomy and Physiology 120

Anatomy and Physiology 120
Appendicular
Skeleton
And
Articulations
What You Need To Know
• Identify appendicular bones & processes
– Lots and lots of them
• Distinguish between
– fibrous, cartilaginous & synovial joints
• Know the different
– synovial joints & be able to identify them.
The Joints
• Fibrous
Dense connective tissue between
bones that are closely associated
(little flexibility) -cranial sutures
• Cartilaginous
Made up of hyaline or fibrocartilage
(cushion and absorption) –
Intervertebral disks
• Synovial
Articulating surfaces lined with hyaline
cartilage
(thick, glassy, dense connective tissue)
Joint Capsule ….. To be continued…
Synovial Joints
• Thick, Glassy, Dense connective tissue
• Encased in a thin joint capsule
– Binds the hyaline cartilage to the bone terminus
• Joint capsule
– enclosed in a sack-like synovial membrane
• Synovial membrane secretes synovial fluid
– Prevents physical contact between the ends of bones
(lubricates the articulating cartilage)
Standard
Synovial
Joint
Types of Synovial Joints
Be able to identify & give
examples
1. Gliding – nearly flat surfaces (wrists and ankles)
2. Hinge – Convex surface with a Concave surface
(Elbow and joints of the phalanges)
3. Pivot – Cylindrical surface with ring of bone or
ligament (proximal end of the radius and ulna / Atlas &
Axis)
• Condyloid – Oval shaped condyle with elliptical cavity
(metacarpals & phalanges)
• Saddle – movement in 2 planes. Saddle shaped head. (so
you can grab things (metacarpal and carpal)
• Ball and socket – Ball-shaped head with Cup shaped cavity
(Hip & Shoulder)
Movement
• Flexion - Bending parts at a joint < angel
• Extension - Straightening parts at a joint > angel
• Hyperextension - Over extension of the joint
• Abduction - body part away from the midline
• Adduction – body part toward the midline
• Rotation - Moving of parts around its axis
• Circumduction - ends follows a circular path
• Dorsilflextion - Bending the foot upward
• Planter flextion - Bending the foot downward
• Supination - Palm is upward or facing anteriorly
• Pronation - Palm is downward or facing posteriorly
• Eversion – Foot -Sole is facing laterally
• Inversion – Foot - Sole is facing medially
• Protraction - Moving a part forward
• (thrusting the chin forward)
• Retraction - Moving a part backward
• (Pulling the chin back)
• Elevation - Raising a part
• (shrugging the shoulders)
• Depression - Lowering a part
• (drooping the shoulders)
Pectoral Girdle & Upper Extremity
Like your Pec’s (for you guys that work out)
Pectoral girdle = 1)Clavicle & 2)Scapula
2) Scapula
Spine / Glenoid cavity / acromion process
3) Humerus
Head / Greater tubercle / Lesser tubercle / deltoid
tuberosity / epicondyles / condyles (capitulum &
trochlea) / olecranon fossa / Coronoid fossa
4) Radius
Head / styloid process
5) Ulna
Olecranon process / Coronoid process /
trochlear (semilunar) notch / styloid process
Pectoral Girdle
Scapula
Coracoid
process
Acromion
process
Glenoid
fossa
Coracoid
process
Clavical
Acromion
process
Spine
Greater Tubercle
Head
Lesser Tubercle
Deltoid Tuberosity
Coronoid fossa
Medial
epicondyle
Olecranon fossa
Lateral epicondyle
Capitulum
Trochlea
Trochlea
Radius
Ulna
Olecranon process
Head
Trochlear
(semilunar)
Notch
Coronoid process
Styloid
Process
Styloid
Process
6) Carpals
7) Metacarpals (1-5)
8) Phalanges
Proximal (1-5)
Middle (2-5)
Distal (1-5)
1) Label diagram
(know these both by diagram and model)
2) Complete Parts A, B and C
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Extremity
1) Os coxae =
ilium, ischium, pubis, acetabulum &
obturator foramen
2) Femur
Head / greater trochanter / lesser
trochanter / medial and lateral condyles
3) Patella
4) Tibia
Medial and lateral condyles / tibial
tuberosity / medial malleolus
5) Fibula
Lateral malleolus
1) Os coxae =
ilium, ischium, pubis, acetabulum &
obturator foramen
a) Ilium
Iliac crest / anterior superior iliac spine /
sacroiliac joint
b) Ischium
Ischial tuberosity
c) Pubis
Pubic symphysis / Pubic arch
Femur
Greater Trochanter
Head
Lesser Trochanter
Lateral condyle
Medial condyle
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
6) Tarsals
Calcaneus / Talus
7) Metatarsals (1-5)
8) Phalanges
Proximal (1-5)
Middle (2-5)
Distal (1-5)
Helpful Hints
• Patella – Knee
• Tibia (bigger) & Fibula (smaller) – lower leg
• Radius & Ulna - (Ulna has a U)
• Humerus – Kind of in the area of the funny bone
• Tarsals – in the region of your toes
(but not your toes)
Picture References
http://www.arthursclipart.com/medical/skelbw/S
KELETON.gif
http://www.arthrites.be/images/squelette.jpg
www.lrn.org/Popup/Skeletal/figure5_6.html
http://www.mc.edu/campus/users/cboothe/carast
afford2_files/image012.jpg
http://fulton.edzone.net/cites/winklerscience/team
2/gliding_joint.gif
http://westernchanfellowship.org/galleryimage
s/skeleton.jpg