Download Circulatory Outline - McCreary County Schools

Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory
Chapter 13 & 14
Circulatory Outline
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Circulation and Blood Vessels
Blood Circulation
Major circulatory systems
Cardiopulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation
Specialized circulatory systems
Coronary circulation
Portal circulation
Fetal circulation
Cardiopulmonary Circulation
Deoxygenated blood from the heart flows to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is exchanged for oxygen
Oxygenated blood then returns to the heart
Review of blood flow through the heart and
lungs
Cardiopulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Circulates nutrients, oxygen, water, and
secretions
Carries away waste products
Helps equalize body temperature
Aids in protecting the body from harmful
bacteria
The aorta and its branches
Systemic Circulation
Coronary Circulation
Brings oxygenated blood to the heart muscle
Right and left branches of the coronary artery
Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory
Chapter 13 & 14
Circulatory Outline
Exchange of oxygen and waste occurs at
capillary level
Deoxygenated blood returns through the
coronary veins to the coronary sinus
Portal Circulation
A branch of the general circulation
Veins from the pancreas, stomach, small
intestine, colon, and spleen empty their blood into the hepatic portal vein, which goes to the liver
Portal Circulation
Portal Circulation
Liver ensures that the blood’s glucose
concentration is kept within a relatively
narrow range
Fetal Circulation
Occurs in the unborn baby (fetus)
Fetus obtains oxygen and nutrients from the
mother’s blood, not through its own lungs
and digestive system
The fetal blood does not mix with the
mother’s blood; the exchange of gases, food, and waste occurs through the placenta
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Arteries
Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to capillaries (exception – pulmonary arteries)
Layers of the walls
Tunica adventitia or externa
Tunica media
Tunica intima
Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory
Chapter 13 & 14
Circulatory Outline
Arteries
Aorta leads away from the heart and
branches into smaller arteries
Smaller arteries branch into arterioles
Arterioles give rise to the capillaries
Capillaries
Smallest blood vessels
Can only be seen through a microscope
Connect the arterioles and venules
Muscle and connective tissue disappear and
they become a simple endothelial cell layer
Capillaries
Selective permeability
Control of blood flow by precapillary
sphincters
Veins
Carry deoxygenated blood away from the
capillaries to the heart
Layers of the walls
Tunica externa
Tunica media
Tunica intima
Walls much thinner than arteries
Do not have to withstand as much pressure
Veins
Veins have valves so blood flows in one
direction
Toward the heart
Largest vein is the vena cavae
Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory
Chapter 13 & 14
Circulatory Outline
Superior vena cavae returns blood from the upper part of the body
Inferior vena cavae returns blood from the lower part of the body
Venous Return
Valves help keep venous blood moving
Skeletal muscles contract to push venous
blood along its path
Venous Return
Pressure changes occur when we breath,
which helps bring venous blood back to the
heart
Stationary positioning can decrease flow
back to the heart for oxygenation
Blood Pressure
Systolic blood pressure
Diastolic blood pressure
Pulse pressure
Normal values
Pulse
Can feel pulsating beat at certain points on
the body
Should be the same as the heart rate
Can feel the pulse on the body where the artery is near the surface of the skin and over a bone
These are called pulse points
Pulse Points
Brachial artery
Common carotid artery
Femoral artery
Dorsalis pedis artery
Pulse Points
Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory
Chapter 13 & 14
Circulatory Outline
Popliteal artery
Radial artery
Temporal artery
Pressure points can be used to stop bleeding
distal to the pulse point
Congenital Heart Defects
Occur when there is a malformation of the
heart during fetal development
Most common symptom
Cyanosis
Microscopic surgery
Can correct many congenital heart defects
Disorders of Circulation and Blood Vessels
Aneurysm
Arteriosclerosis
Atherosclerosis
Gangrene
Phlebitis or thrombophlebitis
Disorders of Circulation and Blood Vessels
Embolism
Varicose veins
Hemorrhoids
Cerebral hemorrhage
Peripheral vascular disease
Disorders of the Blood Vessels
Hypertension
Normal
Less than 120/80
Body Structures & Functions
Heart & Circulatory
Chapter 13 & 14
Circulatory Outline
Pre-hypertension
120-130/80-89
Disorders of the Blood Vessels
Stage I hypertension
140-159/90-99
Stage II hypertension
160 and above/100 and above
Disorders of the Blood Vessels
White coat hypertension
Hypotension
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)
Cerebral vascular accident (CVA)
Hypoperfusion
Inadequate flow of blood carrying oxygen to the organs and body systems
Hypoperfused tissue will stop working properly
Main causes of hypoperfusion