Download EOC Vocab Review _answer key_1

Name _______________________________________________ Block ______
Date ________________
EOC VOCABULARY REVIEW
BIOCHEMISTRY:
Carbohydrates
Photosynthesis
Anaerobic
HONC
ATP
Monomer
Cellular Respiration
Phospholipids
Organic
Water
Nucleic Acids
Hydrogen
Hydrophobic
Enzyme
ADP
Lipids
Peptide
Hydrolysis
1. Sugar, starch & cellulose
2. Food making process in green plants
3. Absence of free atmospheric oxygen;
4. Acronym of the 4 most abundant elements found in all living things (the first letter of each word)
5. High energy storage compound (used by all cells)
6. Term for a single ‘subunit’ in biochemistry
7. Process of transferring energy stored in glucose to ATP
8. Primary component of the cell membrane
9. Compounds that contain carbon are classified as __.
10. ‘Universal solvent’
11. DNA and RNA are examples of this type of compound.
12. A weak, but very important bond (can be easily broken)
13. ‘Water fearing’
14. A type of protein that can speed up the rate of a reaction; never used up
15. This molecule is formed when ATP loses one phosphate ( & releases energy to be used by the cell).
16. fatty acids and glycerol are building blocks of __.
17. Bond formed between two amino acids
18. Using water molecules to break down polymers.
CELLS:
Chlorophyll
Chromosomes
Lysosomes
Vacuole
Nucleus
Tissues
Aerobic respiration
Nucleolus
Mitochondria
Cell
Anaerobic respiration
Alcoholic fermentation
Cytoplasm
Meiosis
Endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosome
Homeostasis
19. Photosynthetic pigment
20. Rod or X shaped structure that controls inheritance
21. Contains enzymes that break down waste products in the cell.
22.Storage tank for H20 & dissolved material
23. Control center of cell activities; found only in eukaryotic cells
24. Made of cells and combines to make up organs
25. Form of respiration that uses 02 to produce ATP (most efficient form of respiration).
26. Site of ribosome production.
27. Powerhouse of cell ( makes ATP in all eukaryotes); active cells must have MANY of these organelles
28. Basic unit of structure and function of all living things
29. Process in which cells make ATP without oxygen.
30. Term for the above process when performed by yeast cells (products include CO 2, alcohol, 2 ATP)
31. Cell material found between the cell membrane and the nucleus
32. Cell division that occurs in formation of gametes.
33. Transport channel of proteins through cytoplasm
34. Organelle responsible for building proteins.
35. Maintaining stable internal conditions (even when the outside conditions are changing).
DNA & Protein Synthesis:
Protein Synthesis
36.
Codons
37.
Transcription
38.
Stop codon
39.
Nitrogen bases
40.
Nucleic Acid (DNA/RNA) 41.
Ribose
42.
Protein (Polypeptide)
43.
DNA
44.
Process that begins with a set of instructions written in DNA & finishes with a chain of amino acids
Made up of three mRNA nucleotides
Transfer of instructions from DNA to mRNA
Signals the end of a protein to the ribosome (2 words).
Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine & thymine
Nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide + nucleotide = ?
Sugar found in RNA nucleotides
Amino acid + amino acid + amino acid + amino acid = ?
Double stranded nucleotides of deoxyribose, phosphate group, and base.
Name _______________________________________________ Block ______
Translation
Double helix
Date ________________
45. tRNA bonds amino acids in order of a particular protein
46. Shape of DNA
CELL TRANSPORT:
Osmosis
47. Movement of water through semipermeable membrane
Diffusion or Passive Transport 48. Movement of material across the cell membrane that does not require cell energy
Osmosis
49. Force that causes lettuce to be crisp
Hypotonic solution
50. Type of solution (found outside a cell) that would cause a cell to swell and burst.
Diffusion
51. Molecules spreading out, moving toward an area of lower concentration.
Facilitated diffusion
52. Form of passive transport that utilizes proteins
Pumps
53. Form of active transport that utilizes proteins
ATP
54. Energy storing molecule needed for active transport.
Equilibrium
55. Balance (equal throughout)
Isotonic solution
56. Solution content equal inside and outside cell
Active Transport
57. Molecules move against concentration gradient
Swell
58. Putting a saltwater fish into a freshwater tank would cause __(what happens to the cells?).
Shrink
59. The affect of placing a plant cell in salt water solution (hypertonic)
CELL REPRODUCTION / GENETICS:
Karyotype
60. Used to count & examine the chromosomes of a single cell; often used to detect genetic disorders
Gamete
61. Term for egg or sperm
Zygote
62. Term for a fertilized egg
Phenotype
63. Physical trait expressed using words
Diploid
64. Somatic or body cells are called __ cells because they have two sets of chromosomes.
Metaphase
65. Lining of chromosomes up at the equator of the cell
Asexual
66. Form of reproduction that limits genetic variation (produces genetically identical daughter cells)
Prophase I
67. Phase of meiosis responsible for greatest genetic variation
Crossing over
68. Exchange of genetic information between similar chromosomes (happens during prophase I)
Hormones
69. Chemical substance produced by endocrine system
Interphase
70. Part of cell cycle in which the cell grows (longest stage of the cell cycle).
Pedigree
71. Chart used to show the pattern of inheritance for one trait in a particular family
Allele
72. Varying forms of the same gene (represented by a single letter or symbol).
Testosterone
73. Male reproductive hormone
Ultrasound
74. Shows position of baby in uterus and developmental stage
Fertilization
75. Union of egg and sperm
Homologous
76. Chromosomes with the same kinds of genes (one is from mom and the other is from dad)
Punnett square
77. Used to predict probability of producing offspring with a particular trait
Purebred
78. Homozygous for all traits
Incomplete dominance
79. If RR = Red and rr = white, what causes the herterozygote Rr to be expressed as pink
Nondisjunction
80. Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate
Dihybrid Cross
81. AaBb x AaBb (what type of cross is this?)
Sex-linked
82. Genes found on the X or Y chromosome
Peas
83. Mendel’s test subjects of his genetic experiments
Down’s syndrome
84. 3 - 21st chromosomes, also known as Trisomy 21
EVOLUTION:
Fitness
85.
Fossils
86.
Descent with modification 87.
Mutations
88.
Determined by an organisms ability to produce offspring
Traces or impressions of organisms that were once alive
Darwin’s theory that organisms alive today are just changed versions of years past (3 words).
Key source of variation which allows organisms to evolve.
Name _______________________________________________ Block ______
Sexual
Evolution
Speciation
Natural selection
Divergent evolution
Vestigial
Resistance
Embryonic
Artificial selection
Bacteria
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
CLASSIFICATION:
Dichotomous key
Taxon
Genus
Species
Eukarya
Archaebacteria
Animals
Cladogram/Phylogeny
99. Key used to identify unknowns (provides 2 options each time)
100. Classification group
101. First word of every scientific name
102. Second word of every scientific name (smallest taxon).
103. Domain made up of all eukaryotes
104. Kingdom of bacteria that live in harsh conditions
105. Multicellular heterotrophs that lack cell walls
106. Classifying organisms based upon their evolutionary relationship
Date ________________
Form of reproduction that increases genetic variation (creates new combinations of traits in offspring)
A change in a species over time
Caused by geographic and reproductive isolation
Also known as survival of the fittest
Type of evolution that results in homologous structures
Structures that no longer serve a function (but at one time did).
Organisms not killed by something that is normally fatal to its species may have developed __.
Comparison of the features of an unborn child.
When man (not nature) decides which organisms get to pass their genes to the next generation (breed)
First life forms thought to inhabit earth
PLANTS:
Pistil
107. Stigma + style + ovary
Monocot
108. Veins in leaves parallel; example = grass
Seed
109. Embryo and endosperm surrounded by a protective coat
Ethylene
110. Gas produced by some plants, which causes fruit to ripen
Gymnosperm
111. Term for non-flowering vascular plants… (‘naked seed’)
Mesophyll in palisades layer 112. Type of cell in the leaf that contains the most chloroplasts
Vascular tissue
113. Xylem and phloem
Fruite
114. Ripened ovary
Phototropism
115. Growth toward light
Waxy cuticle
116. Covering on stem & leaves that prevents water loss
Dicot
117. Petals & sepals in multiples of 4 or 5, branching veins in leaves
Stamen
118. Anther + filament
Hormones
119. Auxin, gibberellins and cytokinin
Roots
120. Anchor, storage, takes in water & minerals
Photosynthesis
121. Production of glucose from CO2 and H2O
Nonvascular plants
122. Moss, liverwort and hornwort
Guard cells
123. Opens/closes stomata to allow gas exchange
ANIMALS:
Vertebrate
Mammals
Porifera
Arthropoda
Chordata
Reptilia
124.
125.
126.
127.
128.
129.
Possessing a backbone
Body covered with hair, 4-chamber heart, gives birth to live young
Phylum for sponges
Phylum for crabs, insects, spiders
Phylum for humans, snakes and dogs
Class for turtles, alligators and snakes.
Name _______________________________________________ Block ______
Date ________________
Amphibia
Endotherms
130. Class for frogs, salamanders and toads
131. Term for organisms that regulate their own temperature internally
BODY SYSTEMS:
Respiratory
Circulatory
Digestive
Integumentary
Skeletal
Systemic circuit
Nervous
Diaphragm
Kidneys
132.
133.
134.
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
Nasal passages, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, lungs…
Heart & blood vessels
Mouth, stomach, intestines…
Skin, sweat glands, hair
Bones, ligaments, joints
Pumps blood away from the heart; carries oxygenated blood.
System that maintains homeostasis by reacting to changes in the internal & external environment.
Muscle that separated the thoracic and abdominal cavity
Filters waste from the blood and send it to the bladder.
BEHAVIOR:
Diurnal
Taxis
Reflex
Estivation
Innate (Inborn)
Dominance hierarchy
Courtship rituals
Hibernation
Migration
Imprinting
Nocturnal
Circadian rhythm
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
Active during day
Orientation movement; moth to light
Automatic response
Escape of high temperature and dry periods
Behaviors that are present at birth (not learned)
Grouping for benefit of members
Attracts female birds
Escape of low temperature
Seasonal movements related to reproduction & food sources; birds & salmon
Geese identify scientist as mother
Active at night
24 hour ‘biological clock’ that drives our patterns of sleep/activity.
ECOLOGY
Camoflauge
Population
Carnivore
Producer
Primary consumer
Parasite
Declining population
Food web
DDT
Biological magnification
Predator-prey relationship
Decomposers
Abiotic
Symbiosis
10%
Exponential
Mimicry
152. White rabbit in the artic snow
153. Members of a single species in one area
154. An example would be a hawk eating snake or a mouse eating an insect.
155. Trophic level of a maple tree, moss, fern or algae
156. Trophic level of a grasshopper
157. Tic on a dog or a tapeworm in a pig’s intestines
158.Numbers in a population become so low that extinction is possible
159. Made up of interrelated food chains
160. Pesticide that caused thin-shelled eggs in large birds.
161. Term that describes the increased levels of the above pesticide in these birds.
162. Relationship between the Lynx and the hare
163. Main role of most fungi and bacteria
164. Factors such as temperature, weather, soil and water
165. Organisms interacting and living together in a close association with one another (+, - or 0)
166. Approximate amount of energy transferred from one trophic level to level
167. A pattern of population growth that increases rapidly (i.e. current human populations growth)
168. Looking like a poisonous animal (even though it isn’t).
Name _______________________________________________ Block ______ Date ________________
Match one of the choices below with each statement (none will be used twice):
It’s about the air!
170. E Condition that results when CO2 in the atmosphere absorbs heat from earth forming an atmospheric blanket.
171. B Flying would be a good way for birds to do this.
172. S Precipitation that contains acid as a result of pollutants combing with water vapor.
Eat in or take out!
173.
174.
175.
176.
CC Consumers that are not carnivores could be these (ex. Grasshopper).
D Feeding levels in an ecosystem are called this
G Interconnecting food chains
O Bacteria and fungi are examples
“BIO” world
177.
178.
179.
180.
F Non-living components of an ecosystem
AA Term to describe a substance that can be broken down by microorganisms
L A branch of science that is the study of life
V Living components of an ecosystem
“P” words!
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
I Results in killing and eating other organisms
C Undesirable change in an ecosystem (ex. Factory emissions)
W A substance like DDT that kills insects that damage crops
N An organism that can make its own food would be one of theses
DD Individuals of the same species in a given area
Odds and Ends!
186. U Number of organisms that can be supported by the environment
187. M In the water cycle, this is evaporation from leaf surfaces
188. H Close relationship between two different species (ex: commensalisms, parasitism, mutualism)
Places to Live!
189.
190.
191.
192.
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
T All the populations of organisms living in a ecosystem
BB Consists of abiotic & biotic factors
P Physical area where an organism lives
X Part of Earth where life exists
Succession
Migration
Pollution
Trophic level
Greenhouse effect
Abiotic
Food webs
Symbiosis
Predation
Biogeochemical cycle
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
T.
Ozone layer
Biology
Transpiration
Producer
Decomposer
Habitat
Natural resources
Biome
Acid rain
Community
U. Carrying capacity
V. Biotic
W. Pesticide
X. Biosphere
Y. Nitrogen fixation
Z. Energy pyramids
AA. Biodegradable
BB. Ecosystem
CC. Herbivore
DD. Population